Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain.
Plant Sci. 2011 Oct;181(4):364-78. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.06.011. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
Progress in understanding the molecular basis of flowering time control has revealed that floral repressors play a central role in modulating the floral transition and are essential to prevent the precocious onset of flowering. A number of cellular processes including chromatin remodeling, selective protein degradation, and transcriptional regulation mediated by transcription factors are involved in repressing the initiation of flowering. Floral repressors interact at different levels with floral inductive pathways and prevent the premature onset of flowering that could impact negatively on the reproductive success of plants. Despite recent advances, further studies will be needed to understand how the interactions between floral repressors and the regulatory networks involved in the control of flowering time have evolved in different species. Recent data suggest that a diversity of regulatory proteins act as central floral repressors in different plants, and even in those species where regulatory modules are conserved new elements that modulate the function of these pathways have been recruited to mediate specific adaptive responses. The development of genomic tools and predictive models that can integrate large datasets related to the flowering behavior of plant species will facilitate the characterization of the repressor mechanisms underlying flowering responses, a trait with implications in the yield of crop species. In a scenario of global climate change, an in depth understanding of these gene circuits will be essential for the development of crop varieties with improved yield.
对开花时间调控分子基础的研究进展表明，花抑制物在调节花发育转变中起着核心作用，对于防止植物过早开花是必需的。许多细胞过程包括染色质重塑、选择性蛋白降解以及转录因子介导的转录调控，都参与了抑制开花启动的过程。花抑制物在不同水平上与花诱导途径相互作用，防止过早开花，这可能对植物的生殖成功产生负面影响。尽管最近取得了进展，但仍需要进一步研究来了解花抑制物与调控开花时间的网络之间的相互作用在不同物种中是如何进化的。最近的数据表明，多种调节蛋白在不同植物中作为中央花抑制物发挥作用，甚至在那些调节模块保守的物种中，新的元素也被招募来调节这些途径的功能，以介导特定的适应性反应。基因组工具和预测模型的发展可以整合与植物开花行为相关的大量数据集，这将有助于阐明开花反应背后的抑制机制，这一特性对作物品种的产量有影响。在全球气候变化的背景下，深入了解这些基因电路对于开发具有改良产量的作物品种是至关重要的。
