Management of complications associated with total ear canal ablation and bulla osteotomy in dogs and cats.

Total ear canal ablation combined with bulla osteotomy is a salvage procedure recommended primarily for end-stage inflammatory ear canal disease but also for neoplasia and severe traumatic injuries. Due to the complexity of the procedure and the poor exposure associated with the surgical approach, there is significant risk for a variety of complications. This review discusses intraoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative complications reported in large retrospective studies, the causes for these complications, and recommendations about how to prevent them.