Dreyfus Hubert L
Philosophy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2390, USA.
J Med Philos. 2011 Aug;36(4):335-41. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhr027. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
Medicine is unique in being a combination of natural science and human science in which both are essential. Therefore, in order to make sense of medical practice, we need to begin by drawing a clear distinction between the natural and the human sciences. In this paper, I try to bring the old distinction between the Geistes and Naturwissenschaften up to date by defending the essential difference between a realist explanatory theoretical study of nature including the body in which the scientist discovers the causal properties of natural kinds and the interpretive understanding of human beings as embodied agents which, as Charles Taylor has convincingly argued, requires a hermeneutic account of self-interpreting human practices.
医学的独特之处在于它是自然科学与人文科学的结合，二者缺一不可。因此，为了理解医学实践，我们首先需要明确区分自然科学和人文科学。在本文中，我试图通过捍卫一种本质区别来使人文科学与自然科学之间的古老区分与时俱进，这种本质区别存在于对包括人体在内的自然进行现实主义解释性理论研究（科学家在其中发现自然种类的因果属性）与将人类理解为具身主体的解释性理解之间，正如查尔斯·泰勒令人信服地论证的那样，后者需要对自我解释的人类实践进行诠释学阐释。
