成年雌雄小鼠外生殖器形态作为性别分化的终点。
Morphology of the external genitalia of the adult male and female mice as an endpoint of sex differentiation.
机构信息
Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
出版信息
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 May 6;354(1-2):94-102. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
Abstract
Adult external genitalia (ExG) are the endpoints of normal sex differentiation. Detailed morphometric analysis and comparison of adult mouse ExG has revealed 10 homologous features distinguishing the penis and clitoris that define masculine vs. feminine sex differentiation. These features have enabled the construction of a simple metric to evaluate various intersex conditions in mutant or hormonally manipulated mice. This review focuses on the morphology of the adult mouse penis and clitoris through detailed analysis of histologic sections, scanning electron microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstruction. We also present previous results from evaluation of "non-traditional" mammals, such as the spotted hyena and wallaby to demonstrate the complex process of sex differentiation that involves not only androgen-dependent processes, but also estrogen-dependent and hormone-independent mechanisms.
摘要
成人外生殖器（ExG）是正常性别分化的终点。对成年小鼠 ExG 的详细形态计量分析和比较揭示了 10 个同源特征，这些特征区分了阴茎和阴蒂，定义了男性和女性的性别分化。这些特征使得构建一种简单的度量标准来评估突变或激素处理的小鼠中的各种间性条件成为可能。本综述通过对组织学切片、扫描电子显微镜和三维重建的详细分析，重点介绍了成年小鼠阴茎和阴蒂的形态。我们还展示了以前对“非传统”哺乳动物（如斑点鬣狗和沙袋鼠）的评估结果，以证明性别分化的复杂过程不仅涉及雄激素依赖过程，还涉及雌激素依赖和非激素依赖机制。
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