Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Residency Training Program, Bronx, NY, USA.
Eur J Neurosci. 2011 Oct;34(7):1031-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07822.x. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
Schizophrenia is associated with a wide range of symptoms. These include auditory hallucinations, delusions, and experiences that one is not in control of one's own thoughts and actions, but that they are inserted by an outside agency. It has been proposed that a disturbance in the sense of self may account for many of these symptoms. This disturbance in turn may be associated with source monitoring deficits. In other words, individuals with schizophrenia may misattribute the source of their own thoughts and actions to an outside agency, which then results in the experience of psychosis such as that of hearing voices. To explain the source monitoring deficits, it has been proposed that this illness involves impairment in corollary discharge mechanisms. Corollary discharge refers to preparation of sensory systems that will be affected by an action in advance of that action, which then allows this action to be recognized as one's own. Current research on corollary discharges suggests that they may involve the thalamus, which is notably affected in schizophrenia in terms of volume loss. Sleep abnormalities in this illness also suggest thalamic dysfunction as sleep spindles, which are markedly reduced in schizophrenia, require intact thalamocortical interactions. In this review, evidence is presented that suggests that propagation of corollary discharges and sleep spindles may be two mechanistically related processes as both involve trans-thalamic cortico-cortical interactions. These interactions may be impaired in schizophrenia and characterization of their mechanism may constitute a step towards developing a dynamic model of schizophrenia.
精神分裂症与广泛的症状相关。这些症状包括幻听、妄想和一种无法控制自己的思维和行为的感觉，即它们是由外部机构插入的。有人提出，自我意识的紊乱可能是这些症状的许多原因之一。这种紊乱反过来可能与来源监测缺陷有关。换句话说，精神分裂症患者可能会将自己的思维和行为的来源错误地归因于外部机构，从而导致精神错乱，例如听到声音。为了解释来源监测缺陷，有人提出这种疾病涉及副放电机制的损伤。副放电是指在行动之前预先准备受该行动影响的感觉系统，然后允许将该行动识别为自己的行动。关于副放电的当前研究表明，它们可能涉及丘脑，丘脑在体积损失方面明显受到精神分裂症的影响。这种疾病的睡眠异常也表明丘脑功能障碍，因为睡眠纺锤波在精神分裂症中明显减少，需要完整的丘脑皮质相互作用。在这篇综述中，提出了一些证据表明，副放电和睡眠纺锤波的传播可能是两个在机制上相关的过程，因为它们都涉及跨丘脑皮质的相互作用。这些相互作用可能在精神分裂症中受到损害，其机制的特征可能构成开发精神分裂症动态模型的一步。
