Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Hypertension. 2011 Nov;58(5):943-9. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.176529. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
The effects of physical training on the formation of vasodilating and vasoconstricting compounds, as well as on related proteins important for vascular function, were examined in skeletal muscle of individuals with essential hypertension (n=10). Muscle microdialysis samples were obtained from subjects with hypertension before and after 16 weeks of physical training. Muscle dialysates were analyzed for thromboxane A(2), prostacyclin, nucleotides, and nitrite/nitrate. Protein levels of thromboxane synthase, prostacyclin synthase, cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), cystathionine-γ-lyase, cytochrome P450 4A and 2C9, and the purinergic receptors P2X1 and P2Y2 were determined in skeletal muscle. The protein levels were compared with those of normotensive control subjects (n=12). Resting muscle dialysate thromboxane A(2) and prostacyclin concentrations were lower (P<0.05) after training compared with before training. Before training, dialysate thromboxane A(2) decreased with acute exercise, whereas after training, no changes were found. Before training, dialysate prostacyclin levels did not increase with acute exercise, whereas after training there was an 82% (P<0.05) increase from rest to exercise. The exercise-induced increase in ATP and ADP was markedly reduced after training (P<0.05). The amount of eNOS protein in the hypertensive subjects was 40% lower (P<0.05) than in the normotensive control subjects, whereas cystathionine-γ-lyase levels were 25% higher (P<0.05), potentially compensating for the lower eNOS level. We conclude that exercise training alters the balance between vasodilating and vasoconstricting compounds as evidenced by a decrease in the level of thromboxane, reduction in the exercise-induced increase in ATP and a greater exercise-induced increase in prostacyclin.
研究人员在 10 名原发性高血压患者的骨骼肌中检查了体育锻炼对扩血管和缩血管化合物的形成以及对血管功能相关重要蛋白的影响。研究人员在高血压患者接受 16 周体育锻炼前后从他们的肌肉中采集了微透析样本。研究人员对肌肉透析液进行了血栓烷 A2、前列环素、核苷酸和亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐的分析。研究人员还在骨骼肌中测定了血栓烷合酶、前列环素合酶、环氧化酶 1 和 2、内皮型一氧化氮合酶 (eNOS)、胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶、细胞色素 P450 4A 和 2C9 以及嘌呤能受体 P2X1 和 P2Y2 的蛋白水平，并将这些蛋白水平与 12 名血压正常的对照组进行了比较。与锻炼前相比，锻炼后静息肌肉透析液中的血栓烷 A2 和前列环素浓度较低（P<0.05）。在锻炼前，透析液中的血栓烷 A2 随着急性运动而减少，而在锻炼后，没有发现这种变化。在锻炼前，透析液中的前列环素水平不会随着急性运动而增加，而在锻炼后，从静息到运动时会增加 82%（P<0.05）。锻炼后，ATP 和 ADP 的诱导增加明显减少（P<0.05）。高血压患者的 eNOS 蛋白含量比血压正常的对照组低 40%（P<0.05），而胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶水平高 25%（P<0.05），可能补偿了较低的 eNOS 水平。研究人员得出结论，运动训练改变了扩血管和缩血管化合物之间的平衡，证据是血栓烷水平降低，运动诱导的 ATP 增加减少，以及运动诱导的前列环素增加更大。
