Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Mol Immunol. 2011 Dec;49(3):415-22. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.08.005. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
Short Palate Lung and Nasal epithelium Clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is a newly described host defense protein, primarily expressed in large airway epithelial cells. Reduced SPLUNC1 has been reported in allergic and cigarette smoke-exposed airways. We found that Mycoplasma pneumoniae increases SPLUNC1 in airway epithelium in part via activating TLR2-NF-κB pathway. However, the contribution of additional signaling pathways to TLR2-mediated SPLUNC1 expression remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated if TLR2-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling regulates SPLUNC1 expression in human lung epithelial cells.
Human lung epithelial NCI-H292 cells were stimulated with a TLR2 agonist Palmitoyl (3)-Cys-Ser-Lys (4)-OH (Pam(3)CSK(4)). MAPK/AP-1 activation and its role in SPLUNC1 regulation were investigated by Western blot, c-Jun activation assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and real-time PCR. SPLUNC1 promoter activity was assessed by a luciferase reporter assay.
Pam(3)CSK(4) increased SPLUNC1 expression in NCI-H292 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and enhanced SPLUNC1 promoter activity. Pam(3)CSK(4)-treated cells demonstrated activated MAPK and c-Jun compared to untreated cells. ChIP assay indicated increased c-Jun binding to the SPLUNC1 promoter following Pam(3)CSK(4) stimulation. Inhibition of ERK1/2 significantly reduced Pam(3)CSK(4)-mediated c-Jun activation and SPLUNC1 expression.
Our results for the first time demonstrate that TLR2-mediated MAPK/AP-1 activation up-regulates lung epithelial SPLUNC1 expression at the transcriptional level. Understanding SPLUNC1 gene regulation should provide more specific therapeutic targets to restore deficient SPLUNC1 production in diseased airways.
短腭肺和鼻上皮克隆 1(SPLUNC1)是一种新描述的宿主防御蛋白,主要在大气道上皮细胞中表达。在过敏和香烟烟雾暴露的气道中,已经报道 SPLUNC1 减少。我们发现肺炎支原体通过激活 TLR2-NF-κB 途径部分增加气道上皮中的 SPLUNC1。然而,其他信号通路对 TLR2 介导的 SPLUNC1 表达的贡献尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们研究了 TLR2 诱导的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/激活蛋白-1(AP-1)信号是否调节人肺上皮细胞中的 SPLUNC1 表达。
用 TLR2 激动剂棕榈酰(3)-Cys-Ser-Lys(4)-OH(Pam(3)CSK(4))刺激人肺上皮细胞 NCI-H292。通过 Western blot、c-Jun 激活测定、染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)和实时 PCR 研究 MAPK/AP-1 激活及其在 SPLUNC1 调节中的作用。通过荧光素酶报告基因测定评估 SPLUNC1 启动子活性。
Pam(3)CSK(4)以剂量和时间依赖的方式增加 NCI-H292 细胞中 SPLUNC1 的表达,并增强 SPLUNC1 启动子活性。与未处理的细胞相比,用 Pam(3)CSK(4)处理的细胞显示出激活的 MAPK 和 c-Jun。ChIP 测定表明,在用 Pam(3)CSK(4)刺激后,c-Jun 结合到 SPLUNC1 启动子上增加。ERK1/2 的抑制显著降低了 Pam(3)CSK(4)介导的 c-Jun 激活和 SPLUNC1 表达。
我们的研究结果首次表明,TLR2 介导的 MAPK/AP-1 激活可在上转录水平上调肺上皮 SPLUNC1 的表达。了解 SPLUNC1 基因调节应提供更具体的治疗靶点,以恢复疾病气道中缺乏的 SPLUNC1 产生。