Treating abductor deficiency: a transference technique.

Loss of abduction power is a common problem after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and may lead to severe limp and instability. A surgical reconstruction technique using a gluteus maximus flap transfer was developed to repair deficient abductor muscles and capsule. The gluteus maximus muscle was split as in a posterior approach to the hip, and the anterior portion of the muscle was elevated as a flap, separating it from the fascia lata and fashioning a triangular distal fascial end. The lateral surface of the greater trochanter was decorticated, and the anterior half of the gluteus maximus was sutured to the greater trochanter with multiple nonabsorbable sutures through drill holes in the bone. The distal fascial end was sutured beneath the vastus lateralis muscle with heavy absorbable sutures. The posterior portion of the gluteus maximus (approximately one-sixth of the muscle body and half the length) was passed beneath the primary flap to substitute for the gluteus minimus and capsule. The tensioning of the flap was done with the hip in 15° to 20° abduction to ensure adequate tension in the transferred muscle. The lower half of the gluteus maximus muscle and fascia lata were also closed over the greater trochanter and transferred muscle flap with the hip abducted and then closed proximally, leaving the anterior edge of the gluteus maximus flap unsutured so that the transferred muscle would be allowed to pull directly on the greater trochanter. Gradual rehabilitation included 2-handed support for 8 weeks and careful gradual abduction exercises beginning 4 weeks postoperatively.