Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
FEBS J. 2011 Dec;278(24):4704-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08346.x. Epub 2011 Nov 21.
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family of Ca(2+)-dependent crosslinking enzymes. Unlike other family members, TG2 is a multifunctional protein, which has several other well documented enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. A significant body of evidence accumulated over the last decade reveals multiple and complex activities of this protein on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM), including its role in the regulation of cell-ECM interactions and outside-in signaling by several types of transmembrane receptors. Moreover, recent findings indicate a dynamic regulation of the levels and functions of extracellular TG2 by several complementary mechanisms. This review summarizes and assesses recent research into the emerging functions and regulation of extracellular TG2.
组织转谷氨酰胺酶（TG2）是一种广泛表达的钙依赖性交联酶家族成员。与其他家族成员不同，TG2 是一种多功能蛋白，具有其他几种有充分文献记载的酶和非酶功能。过去十年中积累了大量证据，揭示了该蛋白在细胞表面和细胞外基质（ECM）中的多种复杂活性，包括其在几种跨膜受体的细胞-ECM 相互作用和细胞外信号转导中的调节作用。此外，最近的发现表明，细胞外 TG2 的水平和功能受到几种互补机制的动态调节。这篇综述总结和评估了细胞外 TG2 的新兴功能和调节的最新研究进展。
