Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS UsC INRA, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
Chemosphere. 2011 Oct;85(6):1057-65. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.035. Epub 2011 Sep 7.
This study investigates the relevance of several soil chemical extractions (calcium chloride, acetic acid, citric acid and a four-step sequential procedure) and predicted free metal ion activities in the soil solution to characterise the transfer of trace metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) from soil to snail soft tissues over a large smelter-impacted area (Metaleurop Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France). The study was first performed on six snail species together and then specifically on Cepaea sp. and Oxychilus draparnaudi. When the six species were considered together, the accumulation of metals depended mostly on the species. When significant, total or extractable metal concentrations, or the predicted free ion activities, accounted for less than 7% of the variation of the metal concentrations in the snail tissues. Species-specific analyses showed that extractable concentrations explained approximately 25% of the variation of the metal concentrations in O. draparnaudi, and up to 8% in Cepaea snails. When using total soil concentrations and soil properties as explanatory variables, the models were generally slightly better, explaining up to 42% of the variance. The soil extraction procedures and predicted free ion activities used in this study did not accurately estimate the metal transfer from soil to snails and could not be used in risk assessment.
本研究调查了几种土壤化学提取方法（氯化钙、乙酸、柠檬酸和四步连续程序）和预测的土壤溶液中游离金属离子活度与痕量金属（Cd、Pb 和 Zn）从受大型冶炼厂影响的地区（法国诺尔-加莱大区北部的梅塔勒罗普）土壤向蜗牛软组织转移的相关性。该研究首先在六种蜗牛物种上进行，然后专门在 C. nemoralis 和 O. draparnaudi 上进行。当考虑六种物种时，金属的积累主要取决于物种。当总金属浓度或可提取金属浓度或预测的游离离子活度有意义时，它们仅占蜗牛组织中金属浓度变化的 7%以下。物种特异性分析表明，可提取浓度解释了 O. draparnaudi 中金属浓度变化的约 25%，在 C. nemoralis 中则高达 8%。当使用土壤总浓度和土壤特性作为解释变量时，模型通常略好一些，可解释高达 42%的方差。本研究中使用的土壤提取程序和预测的游离离子活度不能准确估计金属从土壤向蜗牛的转移，因此不能用于风险评估。
