García-Gómez Concepción, Esteban Elvira, Sánchez-Pardo Beatriz, Fernández María Dolores
Environment Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Ecotoxicology. 2014 Sep;23(7):1195-209. doi: 10.1007/s10646-014-1262-2. Epub 2014 May 30.
The interactions and relevance of the soil (total and available) concentrations, accumulation, and acute toxicity of several essential and non-essential trace elements were investigated to determine their importance in environmental soil assessment. Three plant species (T. aestivum, R. sativum, and V. sativa) and E. fetida were simultaneously exposed for 21 days to long-term contaminated soils collected from the surroundings of an abandoned pyrite mine. The soils presented different levels of As and metals, mainly Zn and Cu, and were tested at different soil concentrations [12.5, 25, 50, and 100% of contaminated soil/soil (w/w)] to increase the range of total and available soil concentrations necessary for the study. The total concentrations in the soils (of both As and metals) were better predictors of earthworm uptake than were the available concentrations. In plants, the accumulation of metals was related to the available concentrations of Zn and Cu, which could indicate that plants and earthworms accumulate elements from different pools of soil contaminants. Moreover, Zn and Cu, which are essential elements, showed controlled uptake at low concentrations. The external metal concentrations predicted earthworm mortality, whereas in plants, the effects on growth were correlated to the As and metal contents in the plants. In general, the bioaccumulation factors were lower at higher exposure levels, which implies the existence of auto-regulation in the uptake of both essential and non-essential elements by plants and earthworms.
研究了几种必需和非必需微量元素在土壤中的（总量和有效量）浓度、积累及急性毒性之间的相互作用和相关性，以确定它们在环境土壤评估中的重要性。三种植物物种（普通小麦、萝卜和苜蓿）和赤子爱胜蚓同时暴露于从废弃硫铁矿周围采集的长期受污染土壤中21天。这些土壤呈现出不同水平的砷和金属，主要是锌和铜，并在不同土壤浓度[12.5%、25%、50%和100%的污染土壤/土壤（重量/重量）]下进行测试，以扩大研究所需的土壤总量和有效量范围。土壤中（砷和金属）的总量比有效量更能预测蚯蚓的吸收情况。在植物中，金属的积累与锌和铜的有效量有关，这可能表明植物和蚯蚓从不同的土壤污染物库中积累元素。此外，作为必需元素的锌和铜在低浓度时表现出可控的吸收。外部金属浓度可预测蚯蚓的死亡率，而在植物中，对生长的影响与植物中的砷和金属含量相关。一般来说，在较高暴露水平下生物累积因子较低，这意味着植物和蚯蚓在吸收必需和非必需元素时存在自我调节。
