INSERM, U 707, Research Team on the Social Determinants of Health and Healthcare, Paris, France.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Oct;73(8):1133-44. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Aug 26.
The literature reports an association between neighbourhood deprivation and individual depression after adjustment for individual factors. The present paper investigates whether vulnerability to neighbourhood features is influenced by individual "activity space" (i.e., the space within which people move about or travel in the course of their daily activities). It can be assumed that a deprived residential environment can exert a stronger influence on the mental health of people whose activity space is limited to their neighbourhood of residence, since their exposure to their neighbourhood would be greater. Moreover, we studied the relationship between activity space size and depression. A limited activity space could indeed reflect spatial and social confinement and thus be associated with a higher risk of being depressed, or, conversely, it could be linked to a deep attachment to the neighbourhood of residence and thus be associated with a lower risk of being depressed. Multilevel logistic regression analyses of a representative sample consisting of 3011 inhabitants surveyed in 2005 in the Paris, France metropolitan area and nested within 50 census blocks showed, after adjusting for individual-level variables, that people living in deprived neighbourhoods were significantly more depressed that those living in more advantaged neighbourhoods. We also observed a statistically significant cross-level interaction between activity space and neighbourhood deprivation, as they relate to depression. Living in a deprived neighbourhood had a stronger and statistically significant effect on depression in people whose activity space was limited to their neighbourhood than in those whose daily travels extended beyond it. In addition, a limited activity space appeared to be a protective factor with regard to depression for people living in advantaged neighbourhoods and a risk factor for those living in deprived neighbourhoods. It could therefore be useful to take activity space into consideration more often when studying the social and spatial determinants of depression.
文献报道，在调整个体因素后，社区贫困与个体抑郁之间存在关联。本研究旨在探讨个体的“活动空间”（即人们在日常生活中活动或旅行的空间）是否会影响对社区特征的易感性。可以假设，对于活动空间仅限于居住社区的人来说，贫困的居住环境对其心理健康的影响更大，因为他们更容易受到社区的影响。此外，我们还研究了活动空间大小与抑郁之间的关系。活动空间有限确实可能反映了空间和社会的限制，因此与患抑郁症的风险较高相关，或者相反，它可能与对居住社区的深深依恋有关，因此与患抑郁症的风险较低相关。对 2005 年在法国巴黎大都市区调查的 3011 名居民进行的具有代表性的样本进行多水平逻辑回归分析，这些居民嵌套在 50 个普查块中，在调整个体水平变量后，结果表明，居住在贫困社区的人比居住在较富裕社区的人抑郁程度显著更高。我们还观察到活动空间和社区贫困与抑郁之间存在显著的跨层次交互作用。对于活动空间仅限于社区的人来说，生活在贫困社区对抑郁的影响比生活在社区之外的人更强且具有统计学意义。此外，对于居住在富裕社区的人来说，活动空间有限似乎是抑郁的保护因素，而对于居住在贫困社区的人来说，则是一个风险因素。因此，在研究抑郁的社会和空间决定因素时，更频繁地考虑活动空间可能会很有用。
