Amit Singal, Jorge A Marrero
Dr. Singal is a Fellow in the Division of Gastroenterology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where Dr. Marrero serves as Associate Professor of Medicine and Director of the Multidiscilinary Liver Tumor Clinic.
Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2008 Mar;4(3):201-8.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) currently has the fifth highest incidence rate among tumors worldwide, a rate expected to continue to increase over the next several decades. The majority of patients with HCC have cirrhosis of the liver, with chronic hepatitis B and C as the major agents of etiology. Despite advances in technology, the prognosis of patients with HCC has shown little improvement over time, most likely because most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. HCC meets the criteria established by the World Health Organization for performing surveillance in those at risk for developing this tumor (ie, patients with cirrhosis of the liver). The objective of surveillance is to use a relatively simple and inexpensive examination in a large number of individuals to determine whether or not they are likely to develop cancer, with the overall goal of reducing morbidity and mortality from the cancer. In this article, we evaluate the criteria for performing surveillance for HCC and review the data on the efficacy of current surveillance programs.
肝细胞癌（HCC）目前在全球肿瘤发病率中位居第五，预计在未来几十年内这一发病率还将持续上升。大多数HCC患者患有肝硬化，慢性乙型和丙型肝炎是主要病因。尽管技术不断进步，但HCC患者的预后长期以来改善甚微，很可能是因为大多数患者在疾病晚期才被诊断出来。HCC符合世界卫生组织制定的对有发生该肿瘤风险人群（即肝硬化患者）进行监测的标准。监测的目的是在大量个体中使用相对简单且廉价的检查方法来确定他们是否可能患癌，总体目标是降低该癌症的发病率和死亡率。在本文中，我们评估了HCC监测的标准，并回顾了当前监测项目有效性的数据。
