Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Water Environ Res. 2011 Aug;83(8):722-30. doi: 10.2175/106143011x12928814444691.
Efficient nutrient removal in decentralized wastewater treatment systems is a challenging task. To improve the removal of organic matter and nitrogen from wastewater, two types of bioreactors using membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) techniques were evaluated. During more than 250 days of continuous-flow reactor operation, both reactors showed consistently high chemical oxygen demand removal (>86%). At an influent ammonium-nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) concentration of 30 mg N/L, the average effluent NH4(+)-N concentrations were 6.2 and 0.5 mg N/L for the MABR and MFC reactor, respectively, while the effluent nitrate-nitrogen (NO3(-)-N) concentrations were 5.4 mg/ L in the MABR and 19.2 mg/L in the MFC-based reactor. The overall total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies were 64% and 36% for the MABR and MFC reactor, respectively. At the measured dissolved oxygen concentrations of 5.2 and 0.23 mg/L in the aerobic/anoxic zone of the MFC and MABR, respectively, a specific oxygen uptake rate of 0.1 g O2/g VSS-d, resulting from ammonia oxidation, was detected in the settled sludge of the MFC, while no nitrifying activity of the sludge from the MABR was detected. Molecular microbial analysis demonstrated a link between the bacterial community structure and nitrifying activity. The relatively high abundance of Nitrosomonas europaea was associated with its detectable nitrification activity in the settled sludge of the MFC. The results suggest that MABR and MFC techniques have the potential to improve organic and nitrogen removal in decentralized wastewater systems.
分散式污水处理系统中高效去除营养物质是一项具有挑战性的任务。为了提高废水的有机物和氮去除率，评估了两种使用膜曝气生物膜反应器（MABR）和微生物燃料电池（MFC）技术的生物反应器。在超过 250 天的连续流反应器运行中，两种反应器均表现出持续的高化学需氧量去除率（>86%）。在进水氨氮（NH4(+)-N）浓度为 30 mg N/L 的情况下，MABR 和 MFC 反应器的平均出水 NH4(+)-N 浓度分别为 6.2 和 0.5 mg N/L，而 MABR 中的出水硝酸盐氮（NO3(-)-N）浓度为 5.4 mg/L，而 MFC 基反应器中的出水硝酸盐氮（NO3(-)-N）浓度为 19.2 mg/L。MABR 和 MFC 反应器的总无机氮去除效率分别为 64%和 36%。在 MFC 和 MABR 的好氧/缺氧区分别测量到 5.2 和 0.23 mg/L 的溶解氧浓度下，在 MFC 的沉淀污泥中检测到氨氧化产生的 0.1 g O2/g VSS-d 的特定需氧量，而在 MABR 的污泥中未检测到硝化活性。分子微生物分析表明细菌群落结构与硝化活性之间存在联系。相对较高丰度的硝化菌属（Nitrosomonas europaea）与在 MFC 沉淀污泥中可检测到的硝化活性有关。结果表明，MABR 和 MFC 技术有可能提高分散式污水处理系统中的有机物和氮去除率。
