Hanai A
Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
APMIS Suppl. 1990;12:1-20.
Ovarian cancer was reported to be increasing in the 1970s. A continuously increasing trend has been anticipated for quite some time and an observation of international trends and differentials in the mortality, morbidity and survival from ovarian cancer is provided. Recent data on mortality and morbidity were obtained from the WHO and IARC data banks. Globally, ovarian cancer had moderate or relatively low rates for both mortality (1.5-10 per 100,000) and incidence (4-15 per 100,000), using standardized (world) rates. The ranges were the narrowest among all major cancers. The observed pattern of long-term trends was classified into three types: 1) increase followed by a plateau, then a decrease, 2) steady increase, and 3) uncertain. The rate was seen to be fairly high in the first group and still low in the second while it fluctuated in the third. A decrease of the rates in younger age-groups has extended to upper age-groups in countries with the first type of trend. Germ-cell tumours appeared more frequently in younger ages and low-incidence areas, while the common "epithelial" cancers were more apparent in older age-groups and high-incidence areas. The geographical differences seem to be smaller for germ cell carcinomas than the common "epithelial" carcinomas which may be associated more with environmental risk factors. Five-year survival rates improved to a range of 25-41% in the latter half of the 1970s.
据报道，20世纪70年代卵巢癌发病率呈上升趋势。在相当长一段时间内，人们一直预计其发病率会持续上升，并对卵巢癌死亡率、发病率和生存率的国际趋势及差异进行了观察。近期死亡率和发病率数据来自世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际癌症研究机构（IARC）数据库。全球范围内，按照标准化（世界）发病率计算，卵巢癌的死亡率（每10万人中1.5 - 10例）和发病率（每10万人中4 - 15例）均处于中等或相对较低水平。在所有主要癌症中，这一范围是最窄的。观察到的长期趋势模式分为三种类型：1）先上升，然后趋于平稳，随后下降；2）持续上升；3）不确定。第一组发病率相当高，第二组仍然较低，而第三组则波动较大。在具有第一种趋势类型的国家，年轻年龄组发病率的下降已扩展至老年年龄组。生殖细胞肿瘤在年轻年龄段和低发病率地区更为常见，而常见的“上皮性”癌症在老年年龄组和高发病率地区更为明显。生殖细胞癌的地理差异似乎比常见的“上皮性”癌要小，后者可能更多地与环境风险因素相关。20世纪70年代后半期，五年生存率提高到了25% - 41%。
