The University of British Columbia, Department of Sociology, 6303 NW Marine Drive, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Oct;73(8):1152-62. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.030. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
Using original telephone survey data collected from adult residents of Toronto (n = 685) and Vancouver (n = 814) in 2009, I investigate associations between mental and physical health and variously conceived racial identities. An 'expressed racial identity' is a self-identification with a racial grouping that a person will readily express to others when asked to fit into official racial classifications presented by Census forms, survey researchers, insurance forms, and the like. Distinguishing between Asian, Black, South Asian, and White expressed racial identities, I find that survey respondents expressing Black identity are the most likely to report high blood pressure or hypertension, a risk that is slightly attenuated by socioeconomic status, and that respondents expressing Asian identity are the most likely to report poorer self-rated mental health and self-rated overall health, risks that are not explained by socioeconomic status. I also find that darker-skinned Black respondents are more likely than lighter-skinned Black respondents to report poor health outcomes, indicating that colourism, processes of discrimination which privilege lighter-skinned people of colour over their darker-skinned counterparts, exists and has implications for well-being in Canada as it does in the United States. Finally, 'reflected racial identity' refers to the racial identity that a person believes that others tend to perceive him or her to be. I find that expressed and reflected racial identities differ from one another for large proportions of self-expressed Black and South Asian respondents and relatively few self-expressed White and Asian respondents. I also find that mismatched racial identities correspond with relatively high risks of various poor health outcomes, especially for respondents who consider themselves White but believe that others tend to think they are something else. I conclude by presenting a framework for conceptualizing multifaceted suites of racial identities and relating their various components and inconsistencies between them to health outcomes.
利用 2009 年从多伦多（n=685）和温哥华（n=814）成年居民那里收集的原始电话调查数据，我调查了心理健康和身体健康与各种概念化的种族身份之间的关系。“表达的种族身份”是指一个人在被要求按照人口普查表、调查研究人员、保险表等提供的官方种族分类来融入时，会轻易向他人表达的对一个种族群体的自我认同。我区分了亚洲人、黑人、南亚人和白人的表达种族身份，发现表示黑人身份的调查受访者最有可能报告高血压或高血压，这种风险因社会经济地位而略有降低，而表示亚洲身份的受访者最有可能报告较差的自我评估心理健康和自我评估整体健康，这些风险不受社会经济地位的解释。我还发现，肤色较深的黑人受访者比肤色较浅的黑人受访者更有可能报告健康状况不佳，这表明肤色歧视，即偏爱肤色较浅的有色人种而不是他们肤色较深的同类的歧视过程，在加拿大和在美国一样存在，并对幸福感产生影响。最后，“反映的种族身份”是指一个人认为别人往往会认为他或她是什么种族。我发现，对于大部分自我表达的黑人及南亚裔受访者而言，表达的种族身份和反映的种族身份彼此不同，而自我表达的白人和亚裔受访者中只有相对较少的人存在这种差异。我还发现，不匹配的种族身份对应着各种不良健康结果的相对较高风险，尤其是对于那些认为自己是白人但认为别人倾向于认为他们是其他种族的受访者。最后，我提出了一个概念化多方面种族身份的框架，并将它们的各个组成部分及其之间的不一致性与健康结果联系起来。
