Department of Psychology, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2011 Aug 30;5:66. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00066. eCollection 2011.
The current paper briefly outlines the historical development of the concept of habit learning and discusses its relationship to the basal ganglia. Habit learning has been studied in many different fields of neuroscience using different species, tasks, and methodologies, and as a result it has taken on a wide range of definitions from these various perspectives. We identify five common but not universal, definitional features of habit learning: that it is inflexible, slow or incremental, unconscious, automatic, and insensitive to reinforcer devaluation. We critically evaluate for each of these how it has been defined, its utility for research in both humans and non-human animals, and the evidence that it serves as an accurate description of basal ganglia function. In conclusion, we propose a multi-faceted approach to habit learning and its relationship to the basal ganglia, emphasizing the need for formal definitions that will provide directions for future research.
本文简要概述了习惯学习概念的历史发展，并讨论了它与基底神经节的关系。习惯学习已经在神经科学的许多不同领域中使用不同的物种、任务和方法进行了研究，因此，从这些不同的角度来看，它具有广泛的定义。我们确定了习惯学习的五个常见但非普遍的定义特征：它是不灵活的、缓慢或渐进的、无意识的、自动的且对强化物贬值不敏感。我们批判性地评估了每一个特征的定义方式、它在人类和非人类动物研究中的实用性，以及它作为基底神经节功能的准确描述的证据。总之，我们提出了一种多方面的习惯学习及其与基底神经节关系的方法，强调需要正式的定义，这将为未来的研究提供方向。
