Lovreglio Piero, D'Errico Maria Nicolà, Fustinoni Silvia, Drago Ignazio, Barbieri Anna, Sabatini Laura, Carrieri Mariella, Apostoli Pietro, Soleo Leonardo
Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro E.C. Vigliani, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Oct;13(10):2921-8. doi: 10.1039/c1em10512d. Epub 2011 Sep 12.
The urinary excretion of t,t-muconic acid (t,t-MA), S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) and urinary benzene and the influence of a smoking habit and of exposure to urban traffic on the urinary excretion of these biomarkers were investigated in 137 male adults from the general population. All subjects were not occupationally exposed to benzene and resident in two cities in Puglia (Southern-Italy). Environmental exposure to benzene was measured using passive personal samplers. The biomarkers t,t-MA, SPMA and urinary benzene were determined in urine samples collected from each subject at the end of the environmental sampling. The percentage of cases above the limit of detection was higher for SPMA and urinary benzene in smokers than in non-smokers, and for airborne benzene and urinary benzene in subjects exposed to urban traffic. Airborne benzene was correlated with the time spent in urban traffic during the environmental sampling. Among the biomarkers, urinary benzene was found to be correlated with airborne benzene only in non-smokers, and with the time spent in urban traffic, both in smokers and non-smokers considered together, and in non-smokers only. Finally, multiple regression analysis showed that the urinary excretion of all the biomarkers was dependent on the number of cigarettes smoked per day and, for urinary benzene, also on the time spent in urban traffic. In conclusion, urinary benzene seems to be a more valid biomarker than t,t-MA and SPMA to assess environmental exposure to extremely low concentrations of benzene. Cigarette smoking prevailed over traffic exhaust fumes in determining the internal dose of benzene.
对137名来自普通人群的成年男性进行了研究，以调查反,反-粘康酸（t,t-MA）、S-苯基巯基尿酸（SPMA）的尿排泄量以及尿中苯含量，同时研究吸烟习惯和城市交通暴露对这些生物标志物尿排泄的影响。所有受试者均无职业性苯暴露，居住在普利亚大区（意大利南部）的两个城市。使用被动式个人采样器测量环境苯暴露。在环境采样结束时，收集每个受试者的尿液样本，测定其中的生物标志物t,t-MA、SPMA和尿中苯含量。吸烟者中SPMA和尿苯高于检测限的病例百分比高于非吸烟者，暴露于城市交通的受试者中空气中苯和尿苯高于检测限的病例百分比也更高。环境采样期间，空气中苯与在城市交通中花费的时间相关。在这些生物标志物中，仅在非吸烟者中发现尿苯与空气中苯相关，在综合考虑吸烟者和非吸烟者以及仅在非吸烟者中，尿苯与在城市交通中花费的时间相关。最后，多元回归分析表明，所有生物标志物的尿排泄量均取决于每日吸烟量，对于尿苯，还取决于在城市交通中花费的时间。总之，对于评估极低浓度苯的环境暴露，尿苯似乎是比t,t-MA和SPMA更有效的生物标志物。在确定苯的体内剂量方面，吸烟比交通尾气的影响更大。
