Calvin College, Department of Psychology, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA.
J Adolesc. 2012 Apr;35(2):299-314. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.08.010. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
The present study used meta-analytic techniques to examine the association between spirituality and religiosity (S/R) and psychological outcomes in adolescents and emerging adults. The outcome measures of risk behavior, depression, well-being, self-esteem, and personality were examined with respect to the influence of S/R across 75 independent studies encompassing 66,273 adolescents and emerging adults extracted from electronic databases between 1990 and 2010. Results showed significant main effect sizes of S/R with several outcomes: risk behavior, -.17; depression, -.11; well-being, .16; self-esteem, .11; and the personality measures of Conscientiousness, .19; Agreeableness, .18; Openness, .14. Moderating effects were found for age, race, and type of S/R measure. Results show that S/R has a positive effect on psychological outcomes in adolescents and emerging adults. Possible explanations and implications of these results are discussed.
本研究采用元分析技术，考察了青少年和成年早期的精神性与宗教性（S/R）与心理结果之间的关联。本研究从 1990 年至 2010 年期间的电子数据库中提取了 75 项独立研究，共涉及 66273 名青少年和成年早期被试，以风险行为、抑郁、幸福感、自尊和人格等方面的测量结果为指标，考察了 S/R 的影响。结果显示，S/R 与多个结果存在显著的主效应，分别为：风险行为，-.17；抑郁，-.11；幸福感，.16；自尊，.11；人格测量的尽责性，.19；宜人性，.18；开放性，.14。年龄、种族和 S/R 测量类型存在调节作用。结果表明，S/R 对青少年和成年早期的心理结果有积极影响。讨论了这些结果的可能解释和意义。
