Cantox Health Sciences International, Intertek Company, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011 Dec;301(6):G956-67. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00107.2011. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
Nanotechnology is providing new and innovative means to detect, diagnose, and treat disease. In this regard, numerous nanoparticle-based approaches have been taken in an effort to develop an effective oral insulin therapy for the treatment of diabetes. This review summarizes efficacy data from studies that have evaluated oral insulin therapies in experimental models. Also provided here is an overview of the limited safety data that have been reported in these studies. To date, the most promising approaches for nanoparticle-based oral insulin therapy appear to involve the incorporation of insulin into complex multilayered nanoparticles that are mucoadhesive, biodegradable, biocompatible, and acid protected and into nanoparticles that are designed to take advantage of the vitamin B(12) uptake pathway. It is anticipated that the continued investigation and optimization of nanoparticle-based formulations for oral delivery of insulin will lead to a much sought-after noninvasive treatment for diabetes. Such investigations also may provide insight into the use of nanoparticle-based formulations for peptide- and protein-based oral treatment of other diseases and for various food-related purposes.
纳米技术为疾病的检测、诊断和治疗提供了新的、创新的手段。在这方面，已经采取了许多基于纳米粒子的方法，以开发有效的口服胰岛素治疗糖尿病。本综述总结了评估实验模型中口服胰岛素治疗效果的数据。此外，还概述了这些研究中报告的有限的安全性数据。迄今为止，基于纳米粒子的口服胰岛素治疗最有前途的方法似乎涉及将胰岛素纳入具有粘膜粘附性、生物降解性、生物相容性和酸保护的复杂多层纳米粒子，以及设计成利用维生素 B12 摄取途径的纳米粒子。预计对基于纳米粒子的胰岛素口服递药制剂的持续研究和优化将为糖尿病提供一种备受期待的非侵入性治疗方法。这些研究还可能为基于纳米粒子的制剂在其他疾病的肽和蛋白质的口服治疗以及各种与食物相关的用途方面提供一些见解。
