Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
Virulence. 2011 Sep-Oct;2(5):460-5. doi: 10.4161/viru.2.5.17783. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
Proteus mirabilis inhabits the environment and causes a number of infections including those of the skin, respiratory tract, wounds and urinary tract. These organisms express virulence factors associated with adhesion, motility, immunoavoidance, nutrient acquisition, host damage, as well as biofilm formation. P. mirabilis produces biofilms in diverse habitats with those formed in the human host playing a key role in indwelling device infections. The most studied P. mirabilis biofilms are those formed when the organism is grown in urine, resulting in unique features including the presence of swarmer cells and struvite and hydroxyapatite crystals upon growth in urine. Factors relevant to P. mirabilis biofilm formation include adhesion factors, proteins involved in LPS production, transporters, transcription factors, two component systems, communication factors and enzymes. P. mirabilis biofilm research will lead to a better understanding of the disease process and will subsequently lead to the development of new prevention, and treatment options.
奇异变形杆菌栖息于环境中，并引起多种感染，包括皮肤、呼吸道、伤口和尿路感染。这些生物体表达与粘附、运动性、免疫逃避、营养获取、宿主损伤以及生物膜形成相关的毒力因子。奇异变形杆菌在各种生境中形成生物膜，其中在宿主中形成的生物膜在留置装置感染中起着关键作用。研究最多的奇异变形杆菌生物膜是在生物体在尿液中生长时形成的生物膜，导致其具有独特的特征，包括存在游动细胞和在尿液中生长时出现的鸟粪石和羟基磷灰石晶体。与奇异变形杆菌生物膜形成相关的因素包括粘附因子、参与 LPS 产生的蛋白质、转运蛋白、转录因子、双组分系统、通讯因子和酶。奇异变形杆菌生物膜研究将有助于更好地了解疾病过程，并随后导致新的预防和治疗选择的出现。
