Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Nov 13;14:1465460. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1465460. eCollection 2024.
is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The pathogenic mechanisms of are complex and diverse, involving various virulence factors, including fimbriae, flagella, urease, polyphosphate kinase, lipopolysaccharides, cyclic AMP receptor protein, Sigma factor RpoE, and RNA chaperone protein Hfq. These factors play crucial roles in bacterial colonization, invasion, evasion of host immune responses, biofilm formation, and urinary stone formation. This paper is the first to comprehensively describe the hydrogenase system, autotransporter proteins, molybdate-binding protein ModA, and two-component systems as virulence factors in , providing new insights into its pathogenic mechanisms in urinary tract infections. This review explores the mechanisms of biofilm formation by and the various virulence factors involved in UTIs, revealing many newly discovered virulence factors from recent studies. These findings may offer new targets for clinical treatment of UTIs and vaccine development, highlighting the importance of understanding these virulence factors.
是一种常见的革兰氏阴性菌，通常存在于尿路感染（UTIs）和导管相关尿路感染（CAUTIs）中。的致病机制复杂多样，涉及多种毒力因子，包括菌毛、鞭毛、脲酶、多磷酸盐激酶、脂多糖、环 AMP 受体蛋白、Sigma 因子 RpoE 和 RNA 伴侣蛋白 Hfq。这些因子在细菌定植、侵袭、逃避宿主免疫反应、生物膜形成和尿结石形成中起着关键作用。本文首次全面描述了在中的氢酶系统、自转运蛋白、钼结合蛋白 ModA 和双组分系统作为毒力因子，为其在尿路感染中的致病机制提供了新的见解。本综述探讨了形成生物膜的机制以及涉及尿路感染的各种毒力因子，揭示了最近研究中许多新发现的毒力因子。这些发现可能为尿路感染的临床治疗和疫苗开发提供新的靶点，强调了理解这些毒力因子的重要性。
