Smith A M, Scott S G, Wiese D M
Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Program, Rochester, Minnesota.
Sports Med. 1990 Jun;9(6):352-69. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199009060-00004.
Epidemiological reports of sports injury confirm a high incidence of injuries occurring at all levels of sport participation, ranging in severity from cuts and bruises to spinal cord injury. The psychosocial dynamics accompanying sport injury should be known to ensure psychological recovery, an important aspect in rehabilitating the injured athlete. Earlier studies demonstrating psychological differences between athletes and nonathletes indicated the need for actual research on the athlete's postinjury response in lieu of accepting the hypothesis that the emotional responses of athletes to injury parallels existing (i.e. terminally ill) 'loss of health models'. Recent research has shown that injured athletes experience simultaneous mood disturbance and lowered self-esteem. Due to a paucity of research on the coping methods of injured athletes, studies involving the coping methods of several nonathletic patient populations were reviewed. These patients benefitted primarily from a concrete, problem-focused, behaviourally orientated programme which minimises uncertainty. This approach is theoretically ideal for injured athletes, congruent with the goal setting and performance outcome emphasis common to exercise and sport training programmes but to date the effectiveness of these strategies for injured athletes have not been fully examined. Therefore, until such research is available, these coping strategies (also used for performance enhancement) are provided as therapeutic guidelines for dealing with the emotional distress experienced by injured athletes. Individual responses of injured athletes varied from those who took injury in stride to those who required psychiatric intervention. This marked individual variation in response underscores the importance of neither assuming mood disturbance nor overlooking a serious emotional response in the injured athlete. Awareness of the emotional responses of athletes to injury and employment of appropriate coping strategies should facilitate optimal rehabilitation and return to sport.
运动损伤的流行病学报告证实，在所有运动参与水平上都有很高的损伤发生率，严重程度从割伤和擦伤到脊髓损伤不等。了解伴随运动损伤的心理社会动态对于确保心理康复至关重要，这是受伤运动员康复的一个重要方面。早期研究表明运动员与非运动员之间存在心理差异，这表明需要对运动员伤后的反应进行实际研究，而不是接受运动员对损伤的情绪反应与现有的（即绝症患者）“健康丧失模型”相似的假设。最近的研究表明，受伤的运动员同时会经历情绪困扰和自尊下降。由于对受伤运动员应对方法的研究较少，因此对涉及几个非运动员患者群体应对方法的研究进行了综述。这些患者主要受益于一个具体的、以问题为导向的、行为导向的方案，该方案将不确定性降至最低。从理论上讲，这种方法对受伤运动员是理想的，与运动和体育训练计划中常见的目标设定和成绩强调相一致，但迄今为止，这些策略对受伤运动员的有效性尚未得到充分检验。因此，在获得此类研究之前，这些应对策略（也用于提高成绩）被作为应对受伤运动员所经历的情绪困扰的治疗指南提供。受伤运动员的个体反应各不相同，从从容应对损伤的人到需要精神科干预的人。这种明显的个体反应差异强调了既不假设存在情绪困扰，也不忽视受伤运动员严重情绪反应的重要性。了解运动员对损伤的情绪反应并采用适当的应对策略应有助于实现最佳康复并重返运动。
