Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2011 Oct;23(5):607-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2011.08.005. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
Integrin adhesion receptors are essential for the normal function of most multicellular organisms, and defective integrin activation or integrin signaling is associated with an array of pathological conditions. Integrins are regulated by conformational changes, clustering, and trafficking, and regulatory mechanisms differ strongly between individual integrins and between cell types. Whereas integrins in circulating blood cells are activated by an inside-out-induced conformational change that favors high-affinity ligand binding, β1-integrins in adherent cells can be activated by force or clustering. In addition, endocytosis and recycling play an important role in the regulation of integrin turnover and integrin redistribution in adherent cells, especially during dynamic processes such as cell migration and invasion. Integrin trafficking is strongly regulated by their cytoplasmic tails, and the mechanisms are now being identified.
整合素黏附受体对于大多数多细胞生物的正常功能至关重要，整合素激活或整合素信号转导的缺陷与一系列病理状况有关。整合素受构象变化、聚集和运输的调节，不同整合素之间以及不同细胞类型之间的调节机制有很大差异。循环血细胞中的整合素通过有利于高亲和力配体结合的内向外诱导的构象变化而被激活，而黏附细胞中的β1 整合素可以通过力或聚集而被激活。此外，内吞作用和回收在黏附细胞中整合素周转率和整合素再分布的调节中起着重要作用，特别是在细胞迁移和侵袭等动态过程中。整合素运输受其细胞质尾部的强烈调节，目前正在确定其机制。
