Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics and Department of Geography, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Econ Hum Biol. 2012 Jul;10(3):276-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
This paper seeks new insights concerning the health transition in 20th century Spain by analyzing both traditional (mortality-based) and alternative (anthropometric-based) health indicators. Data were drawn from national censuses, vital and cause-of-death statistics and seven National Health Surveys dating from 1987 to 2006 (almost 100,000 subjects aged 20-79 were used to compute cohort height averages). A multivariate regression analysis was performed on infant mortality and economic/historical dummy variables. Our results agree with the general timing of the health transition process in Spain as has been described to date insofar as we document that there was a rapid improvement of sanitary and health care related factors during the second half of the 20th century reflected by a steady decline in infant mortality and increase in adult height. However, the association between adult height and infant mortality turned out to be not linear. In addition, remarkable gender differences emerged: mean height increased continuously for male cohorts born after 1940 but meaningful improvements in height among female cohorts was not attained until the late 1950s.
本文旨在通过分析传统（基于死亡率的）和替代（基于人体测量学的）健康指标，为 20 世纪西班牙的健康转型提供新的见解。数据来自全国人口普查、生命统计和死因统计以及 1987 年至 2006 年的七次全国健康调查（共使用了近 100,000 名 20-79 岁的受试者来计算队列平均身高）。对婴儿死亡率和经济/历史虚拟变量进行了多元回归分析。我们的研究结果与迄今为止描述的西班牙健康转型过程的总体时间一致，因为我们记录了 20 世纪下半叶与卫生和医疗保健相关的因素迅速改善，这反映在婴儿死亡率的稳步下降和成人身高的增加上。然而，成人身高与婴儿死亡率之间的关系并不是线性的。此外，还出现了显著的性别差异：1940 年后出生的男性队列的平均身高持续增加，但直到 20 世纪 50 年代末，女性队列的身高才有明显改善。
