Guillette Lauren M, Sturdy Christopher B
Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P-217 Biological Sciences Bldg, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, AB, Canada.
Naturwissenschaften. 2011 Nov;98(11):977-81. doi: 10.1007/s00114-011-0842-8. Epub 2011 Sep 18.
Recent research in songbirds has demonstrated that male singing behavior varies systematically with personality traits such as exploration and risk taking. Here we examine whether the production of bird calls, in addition to bird songs, is repeatable and related to exploratory behavior, using the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) as a model. We assessed the exploratory behavior of individual birds in a novel environment task. We then recorded the vocalizations and accompanying motor behavior of both male and female chickadees, over the course of several days, in two different contexts: a control condition with no playback and a stressful condition where chick-a-dee mobbing calls were played to individual birds. We found that several vocalizations and behaviors were repeatable within both a control and a stressful context, and across contexts. While there was no relationship between vocal output and exploratory behavior in the control context, production of alarm and chick-a-dee calls in the stressful condition was positively associated with exploratory behavior. These findings are important because they show that bird calls, in addition to bird song, are an aspect of personality, in that calls are consistent both within and across contexts, and covary with other personality measures (exploration).
最近对鸣禽的研究表明，雄性歌唱行为会随着探索和冒险等个性特征而系统地变化。在这里，我们以黑顶山雀（Poecile atricapillus）为模型，研究除鸟鸣外，鸟类叫声的产生是否具有重复性以及是否与探索行为相关。我们在一项新环境任务中评估了个体鸟类的探索行为。然后，我们在几天的时间里，在两种不同的情境下记录了雄性和雌性山雀的发声以及伴随的运动行为：一种是没有回放的对照条件，另一种是向个体鸟类播放“chick-a-dee”驱赶叫声的应激条件。我们发现，在对照和应激情境中，以及跨情境下，几种发声和行为都是可重复的。虽然在对照情境中发声输出与探索行为之间没有关系，但在应激条件下警报声和“chick-a-dee”叫声的产生与探索行为呈正相关。这些发现很重要，因为它们表明，除了鸟鸣外，鸟类叫声也是个性的一个方面，因为叫声在情境内和情境间都是一致的，并且与其他个性指标（探索）相关。
