Department of Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e23552. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023552. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
The goal of the current study was to investigate how salience-driven and goal-driven processes unfold during visual search over multiple eye movements. Eye movements were recorded while observers searched for a target, which was located on (Experiment 1) or defined as (Experiment 2) a specific orientation singleton. This singleton could either be the most, medium, or least salient element in the display. Results were analyzed as a function of response time separately for initial and second eye movements. Irrespective of the search task, initial saccades elicited shortly after the onset of the search display were primarily salience-driven whereas initial saccades elicited after approximately 250 ms were completely unaffected by salience. Initial saccades were increasingly guided in line with task requirements with increasing response times. Second saccades were completely unaffected by salience and were consistently goal-driven, irrespective of response time. These results suggest that stimulus-salience affects the visual system only briefly after a visual image enters the brain and has no effect thereafter.
本研究旨在探究在多次眼动的视觉搜索过程中，突显驱动和目标驱动的过程是如何展开的。在观察者搜索目标时记录眼动，目标位于（实验 1）或定义为（实验 2）特定方向的唯一元素。这个唯一元素可以是显示中最显著、中等显著或最不显著的元素。结果根据反应时间分别进行初始眼动和第二眼动的分析。无论搜索任务如何，在搜索显示开始后不久引发的初始扫视主要是由突显驱动的，而大约 250 毫秒后引发的初始扫视完全不受突显的影响。随着反应时间的增加，初始扫视越来越符合任务要求。第二眼动不受突显的影响，始终是目标驱动的，而与反应时间无关。这些结果表明，刺激突显在视觉图像进入大脑后仅短暂地影响视觉系统，此后没有任何影响。
