Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
J Neurol Phys Ther. 2011 Jun;35(2):57-64. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e318219a51a.
Standardized outcome measures (OMs) are a vital part of evidence-based practice. Despite the recognition of the importance of OMs, recent evidence suggests that the use of OMs in clinical practice is limited. Selecting the most appropriate OM enhances clinical practice by (1) identifying and quantifying body function and structure limitations; (2) formulating the evaluation, diagnosis, and prognosis; (3) informing the plan of care; and (4) helping to evaluate the success of physical therapy interventions. This article (Part I) is the first of a 2-part series on the process of selecting OMs in neurological clinical practice. We introduce a decision-making framework to guide the selection of OMs and discuss 6 main factors-what to measure, the purpose of the measure, the type of measure, patient and clinic factors, psychometric factors, and feasibility-that should be considered when selecting OMs for clinical use. The framework will then be applied to a patient case in Part II of the series (see the article "Outcome Measures in Neurological Physical Therapy Practice: Part II. A Patient-Centered Process" in this issue).
标准化结局测量（Outcome Measures，OMs）是循证实践的重要组成部分。尽管人们已经认识到 OMs 的重要性，但最近的证据表明，OMs 在临床实践中的应用是有限的。选择最合适的 OM 可以通过以下方式增强临床实践：（1）识别和量化身体功能和结构的局限性；（2）制定评估、诊断和预后；（3）为护理计划提供信息；（4）帮助评估物理治疗干预的效果。本文（第一部分）是关于在神经科临床实践中选择 OMs 过程的两部分系列文章中的第一部分。我们引入了一个决策框架来指导 OMs 的选择，并讨论了在为临床应用选择 OMs 时应考虑的 6 个主要因素——要测量什么、测量的目的、测量的类型、患者和诊所因素、心理测量因素和可行性。然后，该框架将在该系列文章的第二部分（参见本期“神经物理治疗实践中的结局测量：第二部分：以患者为中心的过程”）中应用于一个患者病例。
