Kinsella J E, Lokesh B, Stone R A
Institute of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Jul;52(1):1-28. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/52.1.1.
Consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) is associated with a reduced incidence of coronary arterial diseases. Dietary n-3 PUFAs act via several mechanisms. They depress plasma lipids, especially triglycerides (TGs), by inhibiting hepatic TGs and possibly apoprotein synthesis. They replace arachidonic acid (AA) in phospholipid pools with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA). EPA and DHA, when released, inhibit cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase and reduce eicosanoid synthesis, particularly thromboxane (TXA2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), by platelets and macrophages. Reduction of the proaggregatory, vasoconstrictive TXA2 decreases the thrombotic tendency of platelets. This is augmented by the limited depression of the vasoactive antiaggregatory prostacyclin (PGI2) and the generation of antiaggregatory prostaglandin I3 (PGI3) from EPA. The n-3 PUFAs also depress eicosanoid metabolism in platelets, monocytes, and macrophages, and thereby may retard the initiation and progress of atherogenesis. n-3 PUFAs reduce blood pressure and blood viscosity and modulate membrane fluidity and associated enzyme and receptor functions. The collective effects of n-3 PUFAs may account for the reduction in coronary arterial disease in populations consuming foods containing n-3 PUFAs.
摄入n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFAs）与冠状动脉疾病发病率降低相关。膳食中的n-3 PUFAs通过多种机制发挥作用。它们通过抑制肝脏甘油三酯以及可能的载脂蛋白合成来降低血浆脂质，尤其是甘油三酯（TGs）。它们用二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）取代磷脂池中的花生四烯酸（AA）。EPA和DHA释放后，会抑制环氧化酶和脂氧合酶，并减少血小板和巨噬细胞中类花生酸的合成，特别是血栓素（TXA2）和白三烯B4（LTB4）。促聚集、血管收缩性的TXA2减少会降低血小板的血栓形成倾向。血管活性抗聚集前列腺素I2（PGI2）的有限降低以及由EPA生成抗聚集前列腺素I3（PGI3）会增强这种作用。n-3 PUFAs还会抑制血小板、单核细胞和巨噬细胞中的类花生酸代谢，从而可能延缓动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。n-3 PUFAs可降低血压和血液粘度，并调节膜流动性以及相关的酶和受体功能。n-3 PUFAs的综合作用可能解释了食用含有n-3 PUFAs食物的人群中冠状动脉疾病减少的现象。
