New diagnostic techniques: a review of the HAP group of bacteria.

Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus somnus, Haemophilus parasuis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause considerable economic loss in the cattle and swine industries. The literature relating to diagnostic procedures for these infections is reviewed. Both conventional and newer techniques are appraised in relation to the identification and classification of isolates, and to serological testing.