SEAES, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Nov 15;409(24):5277-83. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.064. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
Extension of the conditions under which Al toxicity is tested is required. Environmentally representative preparation of waters is used in investigating roles of alginate (AA) and humic acids (HA) in partitioning of Al (0.5 mg L(-1)), subsequent uptake and accumulation by and toxicity to Lymnaea stagnalis. HA and AA did not alter precipitation of Al(OH)3, but altered subsequent behaviour of Al. High (40 mg L(-1)) HA concentrations, and to a lesser extent AA, prevented settling and availability for benthic grazing but made deposited Al more likely to be ingested. HA detoxified but AA increased toxicity relative to Al alone. Low concentration (4 mg L(-1)) AA and HA do not change partitioning but increase uptake; they both detoxify, but AA less than HA. The study shows OC:Al ratio is critical in predicting Al behaviour in natural waters, also uptake is mediated by snail behaviour, not solely a function of concentration and form of Al. Therefore, predicting Al behaviour will be subject to errors in determining relevant water composition and response of biota to the new speciation. However, with respect to toxicity, rather than other aspects of Al behaviour, different ratios of HA and Al are insignificant compared to whether AA is present rather than HA.
需要扩展测试铝毒性的条件。在研究褐藻酸盐（AA）和腐殖酸（HA）在分配铝（0.5mg/L）、随后对静水蜗牛的摄取和积累以及毒性中的作用时，使用了具有代表性的环境水样。HA 和 AA 并没有改变 Al(OH)3 的沉淀，但改变了 Al 随后的行为。高浓度（40mg/L）的 HA，以及在较小程度上的 AA，阻止了沉淀和底栖放牧的可用性，但使沉积的 Al 更有可能被摄入。HA 解毒，但 AA 相对于单独的 Al 增加了毒性。低浓度（4mg/L）的 AA 和 HA 不会改变分配，但会增加摄取；它们都能解毒，但 AA 不如 HA。该研究表明，OC:Al 比是预测天然水中 Al 行为的关键，摄取也受蜗牛行为的影响，而不仅仅是 Al 的浓度和形态的函数。因此，在确定相关水成分和生物群对新形态的反应时，预测 Al 行为将存在错误。然而，就毒性而言，与 Al 行为的其他方面相比，HA 和 Al 的不同比例与是否存在 AA 而不是 HA 相比并不重要。
