Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Nov 1;409(23):5086-100. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.031. Epub 2011 Sep 19.
A three-year field study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to monitor the spatial and temporal trends of organic pollutants in migrating juvenile Snake River spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) sampled from the Lower Snake and Middle Columbia River Basins. Specifically, hatchery-reared juvenile salmon were monitored as they navigated the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) by either transport barge (Barged) or remained in the river (In-River) from Lower Granite Dam to a terminal collection dam, either John Day Dam or Bonneville Dam. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine (OC) pesticides were detected in the bodies of both In-River and Barged salmon during the 2006, 2007 and 2008 outmigrating season. At the terminal dam, In-River fish had greater concentrations of persistent organic pollutants POPs than Barged salmon. Of the POPs detected, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were found at the greatest concentrations in the salmon bodies. These elevated lipid-normalized concentrations in the In-River fish were due to lipid depletion in all years as well as increased exposure to POPs in some years as indicated by an increase in wet weight contaminant concentrations. Salmon were also exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as indicated by the phenanthrene (PHN) signal for biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) at the hatcheries or prior to Lower Granite Dam. There were detectable levels of biliary FACs as fish migrated downstream or were barged to the terminal dam. Therefore, the potential exists for these organic pollutants and lipid levels to cause adverse effects and should be included as one of the variables to consider when examining the effects of the FCRPS on threatened and endangered juvenile salmon.
2006 年至 2008 年期间进行了一项为期三年的野外研究，以监测从下斯内克河和中哥伦比亚河流域采集的洄游幼体蛇河大鳞大麻哈鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）中有机污染物的时空趋势。具体而言，通过运输驳船（驳船）或从下格兰德大坝到终端收集大坝（约翰·戴大坝或博纳维尔大坝）的河流中（河），监测养殖的幼鲑鱼在联邦哥伦比亚河电力系统（FCRPS）中的导航情况。在 2006 年、2007 年和 2008 年洄游季节，在河中和驳船中的鲑鱼体内均检测到多氯联苯（PCBs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和有机氯（OC）农药的水平。在终端大坝，河中的鱼比驳船中的鱼具有更高浓度的持久性有机污染物（POPs）。在所检测到的 POPs 中，二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDTs）在鲑鱼体内的浓度最高。这些在河中的鱼体内脂质归一化浓度升高是由于所有年份的脂质耗竭以及某些年份由于 POPs 暴露增加而导致的，这是由于湿重污染物浓度增加。如在孵化场或下格兰德大坝之前，胆汁荧光芳香化合物（FACs）中的菲（PHN）信号所示，鲑鱼也暴露于多环芳烃（PAHs）中。当鱼向下游迁移或被驳船运到终端大坝时，会检测到胆汁 FACs 的可检测水平。因此，这些有机污染物和脂质水平有可能造成不利影响，在检查 FCRPS 对受威胁和濒危幼鲑鱼的影响时，应将其作为考虑的变量之一。
