通过恒温控制系统降低社会住房中的烫伤风险而不会增加军团菌风险：一项集群随机试验。

Scald risk in social housing can be reduced through thermostatic control system without increasing Legionella risk: a cluster randomised trial.

机构信息

NPHIR, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.

出版信息

Arch Dis Child. 2011 Dec;96(12):1097-102. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300606. Epub 2011 Sep 20.

DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2011-300606

PMID:21937486

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To quantify the effects of a thermostatic control system in social (public) housing on the prevalence of dangerous (>60°C) water temperatures and on fuel consumption.

DESIGN

Pair-matched double-blind cluster randomised controlled trial.

SETTING

Social housing in a deprived inner-London borough.

PARTICIPANTS

150 households recruited as clusters from 22 social housing estates. Four small estates were combined into two clusters (resulting in a total of 10 pairs of clusters).

INTERVENTION

Social housing estate boiler houses were randomised to a thermostatic control sterilisation programme (heating water to 65°C during 00:00-06:00 h and to 50°C from 06:00 to 00:00 h daily) or to standard control (constant temperature 65°C).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Water temperature over 60°C ('dangerous') after running taps for 1 min and daily fuel consumption (cubic feet of gas).

RESULTS

10 clusters (80 households) were allocated to the sterilisation programme and 10 clusters (70 households) to control, of which 73 and 67 households, respectively, were analysed. Prevalence of dangerous (>60°C) hot water temperatures at 1 min was significantly reduced with the sterilisation programme (mean of cluster prevalence 1% in sterilisation programme group vs 34% in control group; absolute difference 33%, 95% CI 12% to 54%; p=0.006). Prevalence of high (>55°C) hot water temperatures at 1 min was significantly reduced (31% sterilisation vs 59% control; absolute difference 28%, 95% CI 9% to 47%; p=0.009). Gas consumption per day reduced more in the control group than in the sterilisation programme group, although not statistically significantly (p=0.125).

CONCLUSIONS

The thermostatic control with daily sterilisation was effective in capping hot water temperatures and therefore reduced scald risk. Although expected to save energy, fuel consumption was increased relative to the control group. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00874692.

摘要

目的

量化公共住房中恒温控制系统对危险（>60°C）水温流行率和燃料消耗的影响。

设计

配对、双盲、集群随机对照试验。

设置

位于伦敦贫困内城区的社会住房。

参与者

从 22 个社会住房区中以集群为单位招募了 150 户家庭。4 个小的住宅区被合并成两个集群（总共产生了 10 对集群）。

干预

社会住房区锅炉房随机分配到恒温控制消毒方案（每天 00:00-06:00 时将水温加热至 65°C，06:00-00:00 时加热至 50°C）或标准控制（恒温 65°C）。

主要观察指标

水龙头放水 1 分钟后水温超过 60°C（“危险”）的情况和每日燃料消耗（立方英尺天然气）。

结果

10 个集群（80 户家庭）被分配到消毒方案组，10 个集群（70 户家庭）被分配到对照组，分别对 73 户和 67 户家庭进行了分析。消毒方案组 1 分钟时危险（>60°C）热水的流行率显著降低（消毒方案组集群流行率均值为 1%，对照组为 34%；绝对差异 33%，95%CI 12%至 54%；p=0.006）。1 分钟时高（>55°C）热水的流行率显著降低（消毒组 31%，对照组 59%；绝对差异 28%，95%CI 9%至 47%；p=0.009）。尽管统计学上不显著（p=0.125），但对照组的天然气日消耗量比消毒方案组增加更多。