Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary.
Vaccine. 2011 Nov 3;29(47):8591-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.018. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
Hungary takes the fourth place regarding the incidence and the fifth regarding the mortality of cervical cancer among the member countries of the European Union, with 500 deaths due to this preventable illness and nearly 1200 new cases diagnosed every year. Although the vaccines have been available for 3 years, the estimated rate of the female population vaccinated against HPV is approximately 10% in the 12-26-year-age cohort. The aim of this study was to determine factors and motivations affecting the uptake of HPV vaccination among Hungarian adolescents. Examining the effects of some possible sociodemographic predictors (age and gender) and the exposure to health information on HPV vaccine acceptability were also focused on, as well as assessing the most trusted sources of information about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A nationwide anonymous questionnaire survey with a sample of 1769 students attending public primary or secondary schools was organised by the authors in 16 Hungarian cities and towns. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Adolescents' awareness of HPV was relatively low. Only 35% of the participants reported they had heard about HPV prior to the survey. Almost 70% of the potentially affected study population had not heard about the vaccine previously. Every fourth student did not believe that vaccination against HPV can prevent cervical cancer. If the vaccination was available free of charge, almost 80% of respondents would request it, but in case they had to pay for it, this number would significantly decrease. Significantly better knowledge and also more positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination was found in relation to the number of information sources. The majority of respondents (62-83%) were open for further information about STDs. The main trusted mediators were school-health services (61.3%), education on health at school (49.2%), health professionals (42.2%) and electronic media (24.6%). Since Hungarian adolescent students expect guidance about STDs principally from school health education, an urgent need for well-designed, HPV-focused educational programmes emerges. Launching such programmes would be especially important for the adolescent population to increase their awareness of the risks associated with HPV infection thus reducing the high incidence of cervical cancer in Hungary in the future.
在欧盟成员国中，匈牙利的宫颈癌发病率排名第四，死亡率排名第五，每年因此种可预防疾病而死亡的人数达到 500 人，新发病例接近 1200 例。尽管 HPV 疫苗已经问世 3 年，但在 12-26 岁年龄组中，估计接种 HPV 疫苗的女性人口比例约为 10%。本研究旨在确定影响匈牙利青少年 HPV 疫苗接种率的因素和动机。还重点研究了一些可能的社会人口学预测因素（年龄和性别）以及对 HPV 疫苗可接受性的健康信息暴露的影响，同时评估了关于性传播疾病（STD）最可信的信息来源。作者在匈牙利 16 个城市组织了一项全国性的匿名问卷调查，样本为 1769 名就读于公立小学或中学的学生。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）对数据进行了分析。青少年对 HPV 的认识相对较低。只有 35%的参与者表示在调查前听说过 HPV。几乎 70%的潜在受影响研究人群以前没有听说过疫苗。每四个学生中就有一个人不相信 HPV 疫苗可以预防宫颈癌。如果疫苗是免费的，近 80%的受访者会要求接种，但如果需要付费，这个数字会显著下降。与信息来源的数量相比，发现对 HPV 疫苗接种的知识和态度也更好。大多数受访者（62-83%）对 STD 有进一步了解的意愿。主要的信任中介是学校健康服务（61.3%）、学校健康教育（49.2%）、卫生专业人员（42.2%）和电子媒体（24.6%）。由于匈牙利青少年学生主要期望从学校健康教育中获得关于 STD 的指导，因此迫切需要设计良好、专注于 HPV 的教育计划。推出此类计划对青少年人群尤其重要，可以提高他们对 HPV 感染相关风险的认识，从而降低匈牙利未来宫颈癌的高发病率。
