Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine of University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2012 Feb;215(2):233-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.013. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
In 1955 the Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) was founded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The Commission is responsible for analysing health risks by chemical exposure at the workplace and for advising public authorities accordingly. Within the Commission, the working group "Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials" (AiBM) deals with the development of procedures to analyse chemical substances in biological materials. Most of these detailed, ready-to-use protocols for human biomonitoring, do not only enable the monitoring of occupational exposure, but also the determination of the background exposure in the general population. The AiBM working group applies a multi-stage process to develop and evaluate human biomonitoring methods. As a matter of special importance, every method is tested by at least one examiner to ensure reproducibility of the analytical procedure and of the reliability data. Submitted methods and examination reports are discussed within the working group. The positively proved methods, if satisfactory, are adopted for publication. Otherwise, they are given back to the author with the demand for revision. In case of fundamental drawbacks, methods are rejected. The adopted methods are published in German and in English at regular intervals. Since 1985 the working group has published 129 analytical methods (plus 11 methods for markers of susceptibility) in 12 issues of the English edition. The detection limits of eighty methods allow the analyses of background exposure for one or more parameters. About forty methods were specially designed for the application in population studies. Particularly relevant method examples are the determination of the metabolites of organophosphate pesticides, pyrethroides and phthalates in urine as well as the determination of perfluorinated compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls in serum.
1955 年，德国研究联合会（DFG）成立了参议院工作场所化学化合物健康危害调查委员会（MAK 委员会）。该委员会负责分析工作场所的化学暴露对健康的风险，并相应地向公共当局提供建议。在委员会内，工作组“生物材料中有害物质分析”（AiBM）负责开发分析生物材料中化学物质的程序。这些详细的、即用型的人体生物监测协议，不仅能够监测职业暴露，还能确定一般人群中的背景暴露。AiBM 工作组采用多阶段过程来开发和评估人体生物监测方法。特别重要的是，每种方法都由至少一名检验员进行测试，以确保分析程序和可靠性数据的可重复性。提交的方法和检验报告在工作组内进行讨论。经过积极验证的方法，如果满意，则被采纳出版。否则，方法会被退回给作者，并要求修改。如果存在根本缺陷，则方法会被拒绝。已通过的方法会定期以英文和德文出版。自 1985 年以来，工作组已经在英文版本的 12 期上发表了 129 种分析方法（加上 11 种易感性标志物方法）。80 种方法的检测限允许分析一个或多个参数的背景暴露。约有 40 种方法是专门为在人群研究中应用而设计的。特别相关的方法示例是测定尿液中有机磷酸酯农药、拟除虫菊酯和邻苯二甲酸酯的代谢物，以及血清中全氟化合物和多氯联苯的测定。
