Moens Ugo, Ludvigsen Maria, Van Ghelue Marijke
Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Patholog Res Int. 2011;2011:123491. doi: 10.4061/2011/123491. Epub 2011 Sep 12.
Polyomaviruses are a family of small, nonenveloped viruses with a circular double-stranded DNA genome of ∼5,000 base pairs protected by an icosahedral protein structure. So far, members of this family have been identified in birds and mammals. Until 2006, BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), and simian virus 40 (SV40) were the only polyomaviruses known to circulate in the human population. Their occurrence in individuals was mainly confirmed by PCR and the presence of virus-specific antibodies. Using the same methods, lymphotropic polyomavirus, originally isolated in monkeys, was recently shown to be present in healthy individuals although with much lower incidence than BKV, JCV, and SV40. The use of advanced high-throughput sequencing and improved rolling circle amplification techniques have identified the novel human polyomaviruses KI, WU, Merkel cell polyomavirus, HPyV6, HPyV7, trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus, and HPyV9. The skin tropism of human polyomaviruses and their dermatopathologic potentials are the focus of this paper.
多瘤病毒是一类小型无包膜病毒，其环状双链DNA基因组约有5000个碱基对，由二十面体蛋白质结构保护。到目前为止，该病毒家族的成员已在鸟类和哺乳动物中被鉴定出来。直到2006年，BK病毒（BKV）、JC病毒（JCV）和猴病毒40（SV40）是已知在人群中传播的仅有的多瘤病毒。它们在个体中的存在主要通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）和病毒特异性抗体的存在来确认。使用相同的方法，最初在猴子中分离出的嗜淋巴细胞多瘤病毒最近被证明存在于健康个体中，尽管其发生率远低于BKV、JCV和SV40。先进的高通量测序和改进的滚环扩增技术的应用已经鉴定出新型人类多瘤病毒KI、WU、默克尔细胞多瘤病毒、HPyV6、HPyV7、棘状毛囊发育异常相关多瘤病毒和HPyV9。人类多瘤病毒的皮肤嗜性及其皮肤病理潜能是本文的重点。
