Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2012 May;48(3):827-35. doi: 10.1037/a0025530. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
In adults, most cognitive and emotional self-regulation is carried out by a network of brain regions, including the anterior cingulate, insula, and areas of the basal ganglia, related to executive attention. We propose that during infancy, control systems depend primarily upon a brain network involved in orienting to sensory events that includes areas of the parietal lobe and frontal eye fields. Studies of human adults and alert monkeys have shown that the brain network involved in orienting to sensory events is moderated primarily by the nicotinic cholinergic system arising in the nucleus basalis. The executive attention network is primarily moderated by dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area. A change from cholinergic to dopaminergic modulation would be a consequence of this switch of control networks and may be important in understanding early development. We trace the attentional, emotional, and behavioral changes in early development related to this developmental change in regulative networks and their modulators.
在成年人中，大多数认知和情绪的自我调节都是由一个包括前扣带、脑岛和基底神经节区域的大脑网络来完成的，这些区域与执行注意有关。我们提出，在婴儿期，控制系统主要依赖于一个与感知事件定向有关的大脑网络，其中包括顶叶区域和额眼区。对人类成年人和警觉猴子的研究表明，参与感知事件定向的大脑网络主要受到基底核中产生的烟碱型胆碱能系统的调节。执行注意力网络主要受到来自腹侧被盖区的多巴胺能输入的调节。这种从胆碱能到多巴胺能的调制的改变将是控制网络这种转变的结果，并且可能对理解早期发育很重要。我们追踪了与调节网络及其调节剂相关的早期发育中注意力、情感和行为的变化。
