Rothbart Mary K, Sheese Brad E, Rueda M Rosario, Posner Michael I
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA.
Emot Rev. 2011 Apr;3(2):207-213. doi: 10.1177/1754073910387943.
Children show increasing control of emotions and behavior during their early years. Our studies suggest a shift in control from the brain's orienting network in infancy to the executive network by the age of 3-4 years. Our longitudinal study indicates that orienting influences both positive and negative affect, as measured by parent report in infancy. At 3-4 years of age, the dominant control of affect rests in a frontal brain network that involves the anterior cingulate gyrus. Connectivity of brain structures also changes from infancy to toddlerhood. Early connectivity of parietal and frontal areas is important in orienting; later connectivity involves midfrontal and anterior cingulate areas related to executive attention and self-regulation.
儿童在其早年时期对情绪和行为的控制能力不断增强。我们的研究表明，控制能力从婴儿期大脑的定向网络转移到3至4岁时的执行网络。我们的纵向研究表明，如婴儿期父母报告所测量的那样，定向影响积极和消极情绪。在3至4岁时，情绪的主要控制位于涉及前扣带回的额叶脑网络中。从婴儿期到幼儿期，脑结构的连接性也会发生变化。顶叶和额叶区域的早期连接在定向中很重要；后期的连接涉及与执行性注意力和自我调节相关的额中回和前扣带回区域。
