Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011 Dec;45(12):1033-9. doi: 10.3109/00048674.2011.614216. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
The aim of this study was to carry out a national survey in order to assess young people's stigmatizing attitudes towards people with depression, anxiety disorders and psychosis/schizophrenia.
In 2011, telephone interviews were carried out with 3021 Australians aged between 15 and 25 years. Participants were presented with a case vignette describing either depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, depression with alcohol misuse, psychosis/schizophrenia, social phobia or PTSD. Questions were asked about stigmatizing attitudes, including personal and perceived stigma and desire for social distance.
Across all disorders, respondents were least likely to agree that they should avoid the person described in the vignette and most likely to endorse beliefs about unpredictability, particularly in the case of the psychosis/schizophrenia and depression with substance abuse vignettes. Social phobia was most likely to be seen as a sign of personal weakness or 'not a real medical illness'. Perception of stigma in others was greater than that reported by respondents themselves. Desire for social distance was greatest for the psychosis/schizophrenia vignette and lowest for PTSD. For each vignette, respondents were most unwilling to work on a project with the person described in the vignette, while desire for social distance was generally lowest for developing a close friendship.
While young people associated all mental disorders with unpredictability, patterns of stigmatizing attitudes differed according to disorder, with notable differences between psychosis/schizophrenia and social phobia. Anti-stigma interventions should focus on individual disorders rather than on 'mental illness' in general and may need to address beliefs about unpredictability, social phobia as due to weakness of character and dangerousness in those with more severe disorders. Interventions should also focus on bringing beliefs about public perceptions in line with personal beliefs, as the latter are much less stigmatizing.
本研究旨在进行一项全国性调查，以评估年轻人对患有抑郁症、焦虑症和精神病/精神分裂症患者的污名化态度。
2011 年，对 3021 名年龄在 15 至 25 岁之间的澳大利亚人进行了电话访谈。参与者收到了一个案例描述，描述了抑郁症、有自杀念头的抑郁症、有酒精滥用的抑郁症、精神病/精神分裂症、社交恐惧症或 PTSD。问题涉及污名化态度，包括个人和感知污名以及对社会距离的渴望。
在所有疾病中，受访者最不可能同意避免案例描述中的人，而最有可能认同不可预测性的信念，尤其是在精神病/精神分裂症和有物质滥用的抑郁症案例中。社交恐惧症最有可能被视为个人弱点或“不是真正的医学疾病”的迹象。他人感知到的污名化比受访者自己报告的更大。对社会距离的渴望在精神病/精神分裂症案例中最大，在 PTSD 中最低。对于每个案例，受访者最不愿意与案例描述中的人一起参与项目，而对社会距离的渴望对于建立亲密友谊的渴望最低。
虽然年轻人将所有精神障碍都与不可预测性联系在一起，但污名化态度的模式因障碍而异，精神病/精神分裂症和社交恐惧症之间存在显著差异。反污名化干预措施应针对特定障碍，而不是针对“精神疾病”总体，并且可能需要解决关于不可预测性的信念、社交恐惧症归因于性格弱点以及更严重障碍患者的危险性。干预措施还应侧重于使公众对污名的看法与个人看法保持一致，因为后者的污名化程度要低得多。
