Reavley Nicola J, Jorm Anthony F
Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health; and Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health; and Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014 Aug;48(8):764-71. doi: 10.1177/0004867414528054. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
To examine the associations between beliefs about the causes of depression, schizophrenia, social phobia and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stigmatising attitudes towards people with these disorders.
In 2011, telephone interviews were carried out with 6019 Australians aged 15 or over. Participants were presented with a case vignette describing either depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, early schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia, social phobia or PTSD. Participants were asked about their beliefs about the causes of these disorders and about their personally held stigmatising attitudes, stigmatising attitudes perceived in others and the desire for social distance from the person described in the vignette.
Belief in a weak or nervous personality as the cause of mental disorders was most consistently associated with personal stigma, perceived stigma and desire for social distance across vignettes. Belief in biogenetic causes was associated with a decreased belief in mental disorders as due to weakness rather than sickness, but was not linked to either a decreased or increased belief in dangerousness and unpredictability or desire for social distance. Belief in physical causes was associated with an increased belief in mental disorders as due to weakness rather than sickness. Belief in psychosocial causes had no consistent associations with stigma.
Explaining mental disorders as due to personality characteristics is a more important factor in stigma than either biogenetic or psychosocial explanations.
探讨对抑郁症、精神分裂症、社交恐惧症和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）病因的认知与对患有这些疾病的人的污名化态度之间的关联。
2011年，对6019名15岁及以上的澳大利亚人进行了电话访谈。向参与者展示了一个病例 vignette，描述的是抑郁症、伴有自杀念头的抑郁症、早期精神分裂症、慢性精神分裂症、社交恐惧症或PTSD。询问参与者对这些疾病病因的看法，以及他们个人持有的污名化态度、对他人所感知到的污名化态度，以及与 vignette 中所描述的人保持社交距离的意愿。
认为性格软弱或神经质是精神疾病病因的看法，在各个 vignette 中与个人污名、感知到的污名以及社交距离意愿最为一致地相关。认为是生物遗传病因的看法，与认为精神疾病是由于软弱而非疾病的看法减少有关，但与对危险性和不可预测性的看法减少或增加以及社交距离意愿无关。认为是身体原因的看法，与认为精神疾病是由于软弱而非疾病的看法增加有关。认为是心理社会原因的看法与污名没有一致的关联。
将精神疾病解释为性格特征所致，在污名化方面比生物遗传或心理社会解释更为重要。
