Département des sciences animales, 2524 Rue de l'Agriculture, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Oct;94(10):4889-96. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-4028.
The accumulation of urine and feces can be responsible for many cow and environmental problems. Despite this, little is known about the factors affecting defecation and urination. In the first experiment, the occurrence of defecation and urination behaviors of 48 lactating Holstein cows was observed [days in milk (DIM) = 144.7 ± 38.0 d, body weight (BW) = 667.1 ± 72.0 kg, parity = 2.8 ± 2.3] in freestalls over 48 h. In the second experiment, defecation and urination by 29 lactating Holstein dairy cows were observed (DIM = 62 ± 22.1 d, BW = 590 ± 70.0 kg, parity = 2 ± 1.3) in another freestall barn over a period of 5 d and related to cow activity and feeding behavior. In both experiments, based on total occurrence of eliminative behaviors, cows mainly defecated (experiment 1: 33.4 ± 2.0%; experiment 2: 42.3 ± 3.1%) and urinated (experiment 1: 28.2 ± 2.5%; experiment 2: 42.7 ± 4.0%) in the feed alley and while occupying a stall (defecation: experiment 1: 28.5 ± 1.0%; experiment 2: 26.2 ± 3.0%; urination: experiment 1: 42.2 ± 1.5%; experiment 2: 39.9 ± 3.8%). Occupying a stall included lying, standing in the stall, or standing with 2 feet in the stall and 2 feet in the alley. In both experiments, differences were found between cows in frequency of defecation (experiment 1: 9.8 ± 4.2/d, range = 3 to 20; experiment 2: 15.4 ± 4.3/d, range = 6 to 36) and in frequency of urination (experiment 1: 7.0 ± 3.1/d, range = 2 to 18; experiment 2: 9.3 ± 2.8/d, range = 3 to 19). Large differences between cows were observed in the frequency of defecation and urination, but these were not correlated with parity, milk production, BW, DIM, or dry matter intake.
尿液和粪便的积累可能会导致许多奶牛和环境问题。尽管如此，人们对影响排便和排尿的因素知之甚少。在第一个实验中，观察了 48 头泌乳荷斯坦奶牛（泌乳天数（DIM）= 144.7 ± 38.0 d，体重（BW）= 667.1 ± 72.0 kg，胎次= 2.8 ± 2.3）在自由卧床 48 小时内的排便和排尿行为。在第二个实验中，观察了 29 头泌乳荷斯坦奶牛（DIM = 62 ± 22.1 d，BW = 590 ± 70.0 kg，胎次= 2 ± 1.3）在另一个自由卧床牛舍中的排便和排尿行为，并与奶牛的活动和采食行为相关。在这两个实验中，根据总的排泄行为发生情况，奶牛主要在饲料通道（实验 1：33.4 ± 2.0%；实验 2：42.3 ± 3.1%）和在卧床时（实验 1：28.2 ± 2.5%；实验 2：42.7 ± 4.0%）进行排便和排尿。卧床包括躺着、站在卧床内、站在卧床内时双脚在卧床内而双脚在通道内。在这两个实验中，奶牛之间在排便频率（实验 1：9.8 ± 4.2/d，范围= 3 到 20；实验 2：15.4 ± 4.3/d，范围= 6 到 36）和排尿频率（实验 1：7.0 ± 3.1/d，范围= 2 到 18；实验 2：9.3 ± 2.8/d，范围= 3 到 19）方面存在差异。在排便和排尿的频率方面，奶牛之间存在很大差异，但这些差异与胎次、产奶量、BW、DIM 或干物质摄入量无关。
