School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, United Kingdom.
School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast,University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Oct;55:94-98. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.012. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
The insecticidal properties of many anthelmintics pose a risk to dung fauna through the effects of drug residues in dung on the activity, oviposition and development of dung-dwelling invertebrates. Reductions in dung fauna numbers can inhibit dung degradation, which may impact biodiversity and nutrient cycling on farms. A simulation model was created to predict the impact of antiparasitic drugs on cattle dung fauna, and calibrated using published data on the dung-breeding fly Scathophaga stercoraria. This model was then tested under different effective dung drug concentrations (EC) and proportions of treated cattle (PT) to determine the impact under different application regimens. EC accounted for 12.9% of the observed variation in S. stercoraria population size, whilst PT accounted for 54.9%. The model outputs indicate that the tendency within veterinary medicine for targeted selective treatments (TST), in order to attenuate selection for drug resistance in parasite populations, will decrease the negative impacts of treatments on dung fauna populations by providing population refugia. This provides novel evidence for the benefits of TST regimens on local food webs, relative to whole-herd treatments. The model outputs were used to create a risk graph for stakeholders to use to estimate risk of anthelminthic toxicity to dung fauna.
许多驱虫药物的杀虫特性通过粪便中药物残留对粪便中无脊椎动物的活动、产卵和发育的影响，对粪便动物群构成了风险。粪便动物群数量的减少会抑制粪便的降解，从而影响农场的生物多样性和养分循环。创建了一个模拟模型来预测驱虫药物对牛粪动物群的影响，并使用关于粪便繁殖蝇 Scathophaga stercoraria 的已发表数据进行了校准。然后，根据不同的有效粪便药物浓度 (EC) 和处理牛的比例 (PT) 对该模型进行了测试，以确定不同应用方案下的影响。EC 解释了 S. stercoraria 种群规模观察到的变异的 12.9%，而 PT 解释了 54.9%。模型输出表明，兽医界为了减轻寄生虫种群对药物耐药性的选择而倾向于进行有针对性的选择性治疗 (TST)，这将通过提供种群避难所来降低治疗对粪便动物群的负面影响。这为靶向选择性治疗方案对当地食物网的益处提供了新的证据，与全群治疗相比。模型输出被用来创建一个风险图表，供利益相关者用来估计驱虫毒性对粪便动物群的风险。
