荷斯坦奶牛与泽西奶牛的回交后代及其荷斯坦同期牛的生产性能、繁殖性能、健康和生长性状。

Production, reproduction, health, and growth traits in backcross Holstein × Jersey cows and their Holstein contemporaries.

机构信息

Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.

出版信息

J Dairy Sci. 2011 Oct;94(10):5194-203. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4300.

DOI:10.3168/jds.2011-4300

PMID:21943769

Abstract

A total of 648 purebred Holstein and 319 backcross Holstein × Jersey dairy cattle were compared for production, reproduction, health, linear type, and growth traits. Animals were born between 2003 and 2009 and were housed in the University of Wisconsin-Madison Integrated Dairy Facility. All animals had Holstein dams; lactating dams were mated to unproven Holstein sires to produce purebred (control) Holsteins or to unproven F(1) Jersey × Holstein crossbred sires to produce backcross animals, whereas nulliparous dams were mated to proven Holstein sires to produce purebred (other) Holsteins. Traits were analyzed using mixed linear models with effects of season of birth, age of dam, sire, birth year of sire, days in milk, lactation, and linear type score evaluator. Control Holsteins had greater 305-d milk yield (12,645 vs. 11,456 kg), 305-d mature equivalent milk yield (13,420 vs. 12,180 kg), peak daily milk yield (49.5 vs. 46.4 kg), total lactation milk yield (11,556 vs. 10,796 kg), and daily fat-corrected milk yield (43 vs. 40 kg) compared with backcrosses. Days open and services per conception as a heifer or cow did not differ between control Holsteins, other Holsteins, or backcrosses. The proportion of first-parity births that required assistance was less in control Holsteins than in backcross cows (3.7 vs. 11.2%). The incidence of scours or respiratory problems in calves did not differ between control Holsteins, other Holsteins, and backcrosses, nor did the incidence of mastitis, injury, or feet problems. Control Holstein heifers were heavier (629 vs. 557 kg), with greater hip height (145 vs. 139 cm), body length (167 vs. 163 cm), heart girth (205 vs. 198 cm), and hip width (54 vs. 53 cm) at 22 mo of age. On a 50-point scale for linear type traits, Holsteins were larger in stature compared with backcrosses (41 vs. 28), had wider rumps (37 vs. 33), and wider rear udders (34 vs. 32). Results of this study suggest that backcross Holstein × Jersey cattle have decreased production but fail to demonstrate an advantage in health and reproduction compared with purebred Holsteins.

摘要

对 648 头纯种荷斯坦奶牛和 319 头回交荷斯坦奶牛×泽西奶牛进行了生产、繁殖、健康、线性体型和生长性状的比较。这些动物出生于 2003 年至 2009 年，饲养在威斯康星大学麦迪逊综合奶牛场。所有动物都有荷斯坦奶牛的母系；哺乳期的母奶牛与未经证实的荷斯坦公牛交配，生产纯种（对照）荷斯坦奶牛，或与未经证实的 F（1）泽西×荷斯坦杂交公牛交配，生产回交动物，而未产奶牛的母奶牛与经过验证的荷斯坦公牛交配，生产纯种（其他）荷斯坦奶牛。性状分析采用混合线性模型，考虑了出生季节、母畜年龄、父畜、父畜出生年份、泌乳天数、泌乳期和线性体型评分评估员的影响。与回交牛相比，对照荷斯坦奶牛具有更高的 305 天产奶量（12645 比 11456 千克）、305 天成熟当量产奶量（13420 比 12180 千克）、高峰日产奶量（49.5 比 46.4 千克）、总泌乳期产奶量（11556 比 10796 千克）和每日脂肪校正奶产量（43 比 40 千克）。与对照荷斯坦奶牛、其他荷斯坦奶牛或回交牛相比，初配牛的开产天数和配种次数没有差异。在对照荷斯坦奶牛中，需要辅助生产的第一胎产犊比例低于回交牛（3.7%比 11.2%）。对照荷斯坦奶牛、其他荷斯坦奶牛和回交牛的犊牛腹泻或呼吸道问题发生率、乳腺炎、损伤或足部问题发生率均无差异。对照荷斯坦奶牛后备牛体重较大（629 比 557 千克），臀部较高（145 比 139 厘米），体长（167 比 163 厘米），胸围（205 比 198 厘米），臀部宽度（54 比 53 厘米）在 22 月龄时。在体型线性特征的 50 分制评分中，荷斯坦奶牛的体型比回交牛更大（41 比 28），臀部更宽（37 比 33），后乳房更宽（34 比 32）。本研究结果表明，回交荷斯坦奶牛×泽西牛的产奶量有所下降，但与纯种荷斯坦牛相比，在健康和繁殖方面没有表现出优势。