Department of Marine Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Water Res. 2011 Nov 15;45(18):6030-8. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.066. Epub 2011 Sep 10.
The fluorescence characteristics of natural organic matter in a groundwater based drinking water supply plant were studied with the aim of applying it as a technique to identify contamination of the water supply. Excitation-emission matrices were measured and modeled using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and used to identify which wavelengths provide the optimal signal for monitoring contamination events. The fluorescence was characterized by four components: three humic-like and one amino acid-like. The results revealed that the relative amounts of two of the humic-like components were very stable within the supply plant and distribution net and changed in a predictable fashion depending on which wells were supplying the water. A third humic-like component and an amino acid-like component did not differ between wells. Laboratory contamination experiments with wastewater revealed that combined they could be used as an indicator of microbial contamination. Their fluorescence spectra did not overlap with the other components and therefore the raw broadband fluorescence at the wavelengths specific to their fluorescence could be used to detect contamination. Contamination could be detected at levels equivalent to the addition of 60 μg C/L in drinking water with a TOC concentration of 3.3 mg C/L. The results of this study suggest that these types of drinking water systems, which are vulnerable to microbial contamination due to the lack of disinfectant treatment, can be easily monitored using online organic matter fluorescence as an early warning system to prompt further intensive sampling and appropriate corrective measures.
研究了地下水饮用水供应厂中天然有机物的荧光特性，旨在将其应用于识别供水污染的技术。测量并使用平行因子分析（PARAFAC）对激发-发射矩阵进行建模，以确定监测污染事件的最佳信号波长。荧光由四个组分表征：三个类腐殖质和一个类氨基酸。结果表明，在供应厂和分配网内，两种类腐殖质的相对含量非常稳定，并且根据供水的井的不同而呈现出可预测的变化。第三个类腐殖质和一个类氨基酸组分在井之间没有差异。用废水进行的实验室污染实验表明，它们可以组合使用作为微生物污染的指示剂。它们的荧光光谱与其他组分没有重叠，因此可以使用特定于它们荧光的波长的原始宽带荧光来检测污染。在 TOC 浓度为 3.3mg C/L 的情况下，当饮用水中添加 60μg C/L 的污染物时，即可检测到污染。本研究结果表明，由于缺乏消毒剂处理，这些类型的饮用水系统容易受到微生物污染，可以使用在线有机物荧光作为预警系统进行轻松监测，以提示进一步进行密集采样和采取适当的纠正措施。
