UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands.
Water Res. 2011 Jan;45(2):797-809. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.005. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
Natural organic matter (NOM) in water samples from a drinking water treatment train was characterized using fluorescence excitation emission matrices (F-EEMs) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). A seven component PARAFAC model was developed and validated using 147 F-EEMs of water samples from two full-scale water treatment plants. It was found that the fluorescent components have spectral features similar to those previously extracted from F-EEMs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from diverse aquatic environments. Five of these components are humic-like with a terrestrial, anthropogenic or marine origin, while two are protein-like with fluorescence spectra similar to those of tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like fluorophores. A correlation analysis was carried out for samples of one treatment plant between the maximum fluorescence intensities (F(max)) of the seven PARAFAC components and NOM fractions (humics, building blocks, neutrals, biopolymers and low molecular weight acids) of the same sample obtained using liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD). There were significant correlations (p < 0.01) between sample DOC concentration, UVA(254), and F(max) for the seven PARAFAC components and DOC concentrations of the LC-OCD fractions. Three of the humic-like components showed slightly better predictions of DOC and humic fraction concentrations than UVA(254.) Tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like components correlated positively with the biopolymer fraction. These results demonstrate that fluorescent components extracted from F-EEMs using PARAFAC could be related to previously defined NOM fractions and that they could provide an alternative tool for evaluating the removal of NOM fractions of interest during water treatment.
采用荧光激发发射矩阵（F-EEM）和并行因子分析（PARAFAC）对饮用水处理过程中水样中的天然有机物（NOM）进行了表征。使用来自两个全规模水处理厂的 147 个水样的 F-EEM 开发并验证了一个七组分 PARAFAC 模型。结果发现，荧光组分具有与先前从不同水生态系统溶解有机物（DOM）的 F-EEM 中提取的荧光组分相似的光谱特征。其中五个组分具有与腐殖质相似的特征，来源于陆地、人为或海洋，而另外两个组分具有与色氨酸类似和酪氨酸类似荧光团相似的荧光光谱，具有蛋白质特征。对一个处理厂的水样进行了相关分析，在该处理厂中，采用带有机碳检测的液相色谱法（LC-OCD）获得的同一水样的 NOM 分数（腐殖质、建筑块、中性、生物聚合物和低分子量酸）与七个 PARAFAC 组分的最大荧光强度（F(max)）之间存在显著相关性（p < 0.01）。DOC 浓度、UVA(254) 和七个 PARAFAC 组分的 F(max)与 LC-OCD 分数的 DOC 浓度之间存在显著相关性。三个腐殖质样组分对 DOC 和腐殖质分数浓度的预测略优于 UVA(254)。色氨酸样和酪氨酸样组分与生物聚合物分数呈正相关。这些结果表明，通过 PARAFAC 从 F-EEM 中提取的荧光组分可能与先前定义的 NOM 分数有关，并且它们可以为评估水处理过程中感兴趣的 NOM 分数的去除提供一种替代工具。
