Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2011 Nov;85(9):1464-71. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
Biochar has been recently proposed as a management strategy to improve crop productivity and global warming mitigation. However, the effect of such approach on soil greenhouse gas fluxes is highly uncertain and few data from field experiments are available. In a field trial, cultivated with wheat, biochar was added to the soil (3 or 6 kg m(-2)) in two growing seasons (2008/2009 and 2009/2010) so to monitor the effect of treatments on microbial parameters 3 months and 14 months after char addition. N(2)O, CH(4) and CO(2) fluxes were measured in the field during the first year after char addition. Biochar incorporation into the soil increased soil pH (from 5.2 to 6.7) and the rates of net N mineralization, soil microbial respiration and denitrification activity in the first 3 months, but after 14 months treated and control plots did not differ significantly. No changes in total microbial biomass and net nitrification rate were observed. In char treated plots, soil N(2)O fluxes were from 26% to 79% lower than N(2)O fluxes in control plots, excluding four sampling dates after the last fertilization with urea, when N(2)O emissions were higher in char treated plots. However, due to the high spatial variability, the observed differences were rarely significant. No significant differences of CH(4) fluxes and field soil respiration were observed among different treatments, with just few exceptions. Overall the char treatments showed a minimal impact on microbial parameters and GHG fluxes over the first 14 months after biochar incorporation.
生物炭最近被提议作为一种管理策略，以提高作物生产力和减缓全球变暖。然而，这种方法对土壤温室气体通量的影响是高度不确定的，并且来自田间试验的数据很少。在一项田间试验中，在两个生长季节（2008/2009 年和 2009/2010 年）中，向土壤中添加了生物炭（3 或 6 千克/平方米），以监测添加生物炭后 3 个月和 14 个月对微生物参数的影响。在添加生物炭后的第一年，在田间测量了 N2O、CH4 和 CO2 通量。生物炭的加入增加了土壤 pH 值（从 5.2 到 6.7）和净氮矿化、土壤微生物呼吸和反硝化活性的速率，但在 14 个月后，处理和对照小区之间没有显著差异。总微生物生物量和净硝化速率没有变化。在添加生物炭的小区中，N2O 通量比对照小区低 26%至 79%，但在最后一次施尿素后四个采样日期除外，此时添加生物炭的小区中 N2O 排放更高。然而，由于空间变异性很高，观察到的差异很少有显著意义。在不同处理之间，CH4 通量和田间土壤呼吸没有观察到显著差异，只有少数例外。总体而言，在添加生物炭后的 14 个月内，生物炭处理对微生物参数和温室气体通量的影响最小。
