Ali Izhar, Yuan Pengli, Ullah Saif, Iqbal Anas, Zhao Quan, Liang He, Khan Abdullah, Zhang Hua, Wu Xiaoyan, Wei Shanqing, Gu Minghua, Jiang Ligeng
College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 23;13:834751. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834751. eCollection 2022.
Biochar amendment can influence the abundance, activity, and community structure of soil microbes. However, scare information is present about the effect of the combined application of biochar with synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer under paddy field condition. We aimed to resolve this research gap in rice field conditions through different biochar in combination with N fertilizers on soil nutrients, soil microbial communities, and rice grain yield. The present study involves eight treatments in the form of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha) and N (135 and 180 kg ha) fertilizer amendments. The soil microbial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. Experiential findings showed that the treatments had biochar amendments along with N fertilizer significantly advanced soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial carbon (SMBC), soil microbial nitrogen (SMBN), and rice grain yield in comparison to sole N application. Furthermore, in comparison with control in the first year (2019), biochar amendment mixed with N fertilizer had more desirable relative abundance of microorganism, phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia with better relative abundance ranging from 8.49, 4.60, 46.30, and 1.51% in T7, respectively. Similarly, during 2020, bacteria phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia were resulted in higher and ranging from 8.69, 5.18, 3.5, 1.9, 4.0, and 1.6%, in biochar applied treatments, respectively, as compared to control (T1). Among the treatments, and bacterial genus were in higher proportion in T7 and T3, respectively, as compared to other treatments and was higher in T6. Interestingly, biochar addition significantly decreased the soil fungi phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Rozellomycota, in 2020 as compared to 2019. Whereas biochar addition to soil decreased , , and fungal genus as compared to non-biochar treatments. The redundancy analysis showed that soil biochemical traits were positively correlated with soil bacteria. In addition, correlation analysis showed that soil bacteria including Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria strongly correlated with rice grain yield. This study demonstrated that soil nutrients and bacteria contribute to an increase in rice yield in combined biochar amendment with lower N treatments.
生物炭改良可以影响土壤微生物的丰度、活性和群落结构。然而，关于稻田条件下生物炭与合成氮肥联合施用效果的信息却很少。我们旨在通过不同生物炭与氮肥的组合，研究稻田条件下土壤养分、土壤微生物群落和水稻籽粒产量，以填补这一研究空白。本研究采用生物炭（0、10、20和30吨/公顷）和氮肥（135和180千克/公顷）改良的八种处理方式。利用16S核糖体RNA基因扩增子和内转录间隔区（ITS）的高通量测序对土壤微生物群落进行表征。实验结果表明，与单施氮肥相比，生物炭与氮肥配施显著提高了土壤pH值、土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、土壤微生物碳（SMBC）、土壤微生物氮（SMBN）和水稻籽粒产量。此外，与2019年的对照相比，生物炭与氮肥混合施用的处理中，酸杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和疣微菌门等微生物的相对丰度更理想，在T7处理中分别为8.49%、4.60%、46.30%和1.51%。同样，在2020年，与对照（T1）相比，施用生物炭的处理中酸杆菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、浮霉菌门和疣微菌门等细菌门的相对丰度更高，分别为8.69%、5.18%、3.5%、1.9%、4.0%和1.6%。在各处理中，与其他处理相比，T7和T3处理中的某些细菌属比例更高，T6处理中的某细菌属比例更高。有趣的是，与2019年相比，2020年添加生物炭显著降低了土壤中子囊菌门、担子菌门、壶菌门和罗兹菌门等真菌门的数量。与不添加生物炭的处理相比，向土壤中添加生物炭减少了某些真菌属的数量。冗余分析表明，土壤生化性状与土壤细菌呈正相关。此外，相关性分析表明，包括酸杆菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、浮霉菌门和变形菌门在内的土壤细菌与水稻籽粒产量密切相关。本研究表明，在较低氮肥处理下，生物炭改良联合施用土壤养分和细菌有助于提高水稻产量。
