Clinical Trial Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland.
PM R. 2011 Sep;3(9):846-60. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.03.014.
To provide information regarding the (1) responsiveness and reliability of different outcome measures used with persons who have impairments in upper extremity function and (2) their content validity based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).
MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for studies on outcome measures used to evaluate upper extremity function; only studies written in English and published between July 1997 and July 2010 were considered.
One investigator reviewed titles and abstracts of the identified studies to determine whether the studies met predefined eligibility criteria (eg, study design, age <18 years). Another investigator did the same for 70% of the studies.
All types of outcome measures in the included studies were extracted, and the information retrieved from these outcome measures was linked to the ICF by 2 independent investigators who used standardized linking rules. In addition, studies reporting the clinical responsiveness, interrater reliability, and test-retest reliability of the outcome measures were identified.
From among the 894 studies that were included in this review, 17 most frequently used outcome measures in the different study populations were identified. Five were patient-reported outcome measures and 12 were clinical outcome measures. The outcome measures show large variability with regard to the areas of functioning and disability addressed. Reliability and responsiveness data are missing for a few outcome measures or for certain populations for which they have been used.
This systematic review provides an overview of the outcome measures used to address functioning and disability as they are related to the upper extremity. The results of this study may help clinicians and researchers select the most appropriate outcome measure for their clinical population or research question according to ICF-based content validity, and additional information on the reliability and responsiveness of the measures is provided. Our findings also can provide directions for further research.
提供有关用于上肢功能障碍者的不同结局测量指标的（1）反应性和可靠性，以及（2）基于国际功能、残疾和健康分类（ICF）的内容效度的信息。
系统检索了 MEDLINE、CINAHL、PsycINFO 和 EMBASE 数据库中用于评估上肢功能的结局测量指标的研究；仅纳入 1997 年 7 月至 2010 年 7 月发表的、使用英文撰写的研究。
一位研究者查阅了所确定研究的标题和摘要，以确定这些研究是否符合预先设定的纳入标准（例如，研究设计、年龄＜18 岁）。另一位研究者对其中 70%的研究进行了同样的操作。
纳入研究中所有类型的结局测量指标均被提取出来，并且两名独立的研究者使用标准化的链接规则，将从这些结局测量指标中检索到的信息与 ICF 进行链接。此外，还确定了报告结局测量指标临床反应性、评定者间信度和重测信度的研究。
在本综述中纳入的 894 项研究中，确定了在不同研究人群中最常使用的 17 种结局测量指标。其中 5 项为患者报告结局测量指标，12 项为临床结局测量指标。这些结局测量指标在涉及的功能和残疾领域存在很大的差异。对于一些结局测量指标或用于某些人群的结局测量指标，其可靠性和反应性数据缺失。
本系统综述提供了用于解决与上肢相关的功能和残疾问题的结局测量指标的概述。本研究的结果可以帮助临床医生和研究人员根据基于 ICF 的内容效度，为其临床人群或研究问题选择最合适的结局测量指标，并且还提供了关于这些测量指标可靠性和反应性的额外信息。我们的研究结果还可以为进一步的研究提供方向。
