Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Nat Neurosci. 2011 Sep 27;14(10):1227-35. doi: 10.1038/nn.2923.
The diseased brain hosts a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells, including parenchymal microglia, perivascular cells, meningeal macrophages and blood-borne monocytes. To date, the different types of brain myeloid cells have been discriminated solely on the basis of their localization, morphology and surface epitope expression. However, recent data suggest that resident microglia may be functionally distinct from bone marrow- or blood-derived phagocytes, which invade the CNS under pathological conditions. During the last few years, research on brain myeloid cells has been markedly changed by the advent of new tools in imaging, genetics and immunology. These methodologies have yielded unexpected results, which challenge the traditional view of brain macrophages. On the basis of these new studies, we differentiate brain myeloid subtypes with regard to their origin, function and fate in the brain and illustrate the divergent features of these cells during neurodegeneration.
病变大脑中存在异质性的髓系细胞群体，包括实质小胶质细胞、血管周细胞、脑膜巨噬细胞和血源性单核细胞。迄今为止，不同类型的脑髓系细胞仅根据其定位、形态和表面表位表达来区分。然而，最近的数据表明，驻留小胶质细胞在功能上可能与骨髓或血液来源的吞噬细胞不同，后者在病理条件下侵入中枢神经系统。在过去的几年中，成像、遗传学和免疫学的新工具的出现极大地改变了对脑髓系细胞的研究。这些方法产生了意想不到的结果，挑战了大脑巨噬细胞的传统观点。基于这些新的研究，我们根据其起源、功能和在大脑中的命运对脑髓系亚型进行区分，并说明这些细胞在神经退行性变过程中的不同特征。
