Martinez-Maldonado M, Kumjian D A
Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Med Clin North Am. 1990 Jul;74(4):919-32. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30526-0.
Urinary tract obstruction is a frequent cause of acute renal failure that is potentially life threatening but reversible, if it is promptly recognized and corrected. The level of urinary tract obstruction is variable, dependent on the underlying disease, and may range from the loop of Henle to the urethral meatus. Clinical manifestations are most commonly due to renal failure, but the history and physical examination can aid in determining the localization and cause of the obstruction. Laboratory findings may suggest urinary tract obstruction as the etiology for acute renal failure. Radiologic procedures, most prominently ultrasonography, can establish the diagnosis. Treatment is variable, but patient management may need to be altered during the postobstructive phase of urinary tract obstruction owing to physiologic response to reestablishment of urine flow.
尿路梗阻是急性肾衰竭的常见原因，若能及时识别并纠正，虽有潜在生命危险但可逆转。尿路梗阻的部位各不相同，取决于潜在疾病，范围可从髓袢至尿道口。临床表现最常见于肾衰竭，但病史和体格检查有助于确定梗阻的部位和病因。实验室检查结果可能提示尿路梗阻是急性肾衰竭的病因。影像学检查，最主要的是超声检查，可确诊。治疗方法多样，但由于尿路梗阻解除后尿液重新流动时的生理反应，在梗阻解除后的阶段可能需要调整患者的管理措施。
